Miao Shida, Castro Nathan, Nowicki Margaret, Xia Lang, Cui Haitao, Zhou Xuan, Zhu Wei, Lee Se-Jun, Sarkar Kausik, Vozzi Giovanni, Tabata Yasuhiko, Fisher John, Zhang Lijie Grace
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia.
Mater Today (Kidlington). 2017 Dec;20(10):577-591. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jul 8.
Four dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology with great capacity for fabricating complex, stimuli-responsive 3D structures, providing great potential for tissue and organ engineering applications. Although the 4D concept was first highlighted in 2013, extensive research has rapidly developed, along with more-in-depth understanding and assertions regarding the definition of 4D. In this review, we begin by establishing the criteria of 4D printing, followed by an extensive summary of state-of-the-art technological advances in the field. Both transformation-preprogrammed 4D printing and 4D printing of shape memory polymers are intensively surveyed. Afterwards we will explore and discuss the applications of 4D printing in tissue and organ regeneration, such as developing synthetic tissues and implantable scaffolds, as well as future perspectives and conclusions.
四维（4D）打印是一项新兴技术，在制造复杂的、对刺激有响应的三维结构方面具有巨大潜力，为组织和器官工程应用提供了广阔前景。尽管4D概念在2013年首次被提出，但随着对4D定义的更深入理解和阐述，相关的广泛研究迅速发展起来。在本综述中，我们首先确立4D打印的标准，随后对该领域的最新技术进展进行全面总结。对预编程转变的4D打印和形状记忆聚合物的4D打印都进行了深入研究。之后，我们将探讨和讨论4D打印在组织和器官再生中的应用，例如开发合成组织和可植入支架，以及未来展望和结论。
