Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Apr 1;211:306-312. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.037. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
Eco-compensation is a type of institutional arrangement that uses economic measures to adjust the relationships among stakeholders in order to conserve and/or sustainably use ecosystem services. The externality of the value of ecosystem services is one of the theoretical bases for eco-compensation. Different types of ecosystem services are consumed by people from different regions. Some are consumed by people living where the services originate, while some are carried by rivers, wind, vehicles or other natural or manmade means to other areas. Thus, the flow and consumption of ecosystem services should be seen as the basis for establishing eco-compensation funds. This paper uses satellite images of the Zhang-Cheng area near Beijing in 2013 to discuss how to establish an eco-compensation fund for stakeholders in this area. Firstly, six important types of ecosystem services in the Zhang-Cheng area were identified based on ecological function zoning, and the value of these ecosystem services was calculated based on ecological pricing methods. Secondly, the field intensity model from physics was used to analyze where Zhang-Cheng area ecosystem services flowed and calculate how much of these services were used by other areas. Thirdly, based on this analysis and calculation, the paper proposes the rates that different stakeholders should invest in the eco-compensation fund, based on their consumption of eco-services.
生态补偿是一种利用经济手段调整利益相关者之间关系的制度安排，旨在保护和/或可持续利用生态系统服务。生态系统服务价值的外部性是生态补偿的理论基础之一。不同类型的生态系统服务被不同地区的人们所消费。有些是在服务产生的地方被人们消费的，而有些则通过河流、风、车辆或其他自然或人为的方式输送到其他地区。因此，生态系统服务的流动和消费应被视为建立生态补偿基金的基础。本文利用 2013 年北京张承地区的卫星图像，探讨了如何为该地区的利益相关者建立生态补偿基金。首先，根据生态功能区划，确定了张承地区的六种重要生态系统服务类型，并基于生态定价方法计算了这些生态系统服务的价值。其次，利用物理学中的场强模型分析了张承地区生态系统服务的流动情况，并计算了其他地区对这些服务的利用量。最后，根据这一分析和计算，提出了根据不同利益相关者对生态服务的消费情况，他们应投入生态补偿基金的比例。
