Li Xiuhong, Wang Yizhuo, Yang Rongjin, Zhang Le, Zhang Yi, Liu Qiang, Song Zhenwei
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekou Wai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, 100875, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul;29(33):49583-49597. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20876-w. Epub 2022 May 21.
At present, the number of watershed eco-compensations in China is increasing. And the area covered by a single project is also increasing. Under the current model, governments are the primary source of funding. It is difficult to meet the growing funding gap of subsidies. Researches on watershed eco-compensation need to reform and explore a new model for it, expand the fund source of watershed eco-compensation expense, and establish a sustainable "hematopoietic" model. This paper clarifies the concept of watershed eco-compensation and then compares the design principles of eco-compensation projects, definitions of stakeholders, analysis, and summary of watershed eco-compensation models in different regions. It can be found that the model in which the government dominates is still the mainstream. However, the considerable cost of this model will be a heavy burden for governments. Therefore, it becomes an important option to involve more stakeholders in these projects, and governments should transfer part of the lead to dilute costs. How to reduce the expenditures of governments in watershed eco-compensation projects under the premise of maintaining normal operation of the projects has become an important exploration direction concerning watershed eco-compensation in China, which requires transforming from "blood transfusion" to "hematopoiesis."
目前，我国流域生态补偿数量不断增加，单个项目覆盖面积也在增大。在当前模式下，政府是主要资金来源，难以满足补贴资金缺口不断增大的需求。流域生态补偿研究需进行改革，探索新模式，拓展流域生态补偿费用的资金来源，建立可持续的“造血”模式。本文厘清了流域生态补偿的概念，进而比较了生态补偿项目的设计原则、利益相关者的定义，分析总结了不同地区的流域生态补偿模式。可以发现，政府主导模式仍是主流，但该模式成本巨大，会给政府带来沉重负担。因此，让更多利益相关者参与这些项目成为重要选择，政府应转移部分主导权以稀释成本。如何在保障项目正常运行的前提下，降低政府在流域生态补偿项目中的支出，已成为我国流域生态补偿的一个重要探索方向，这需要从“输血”向“造血”转变。
