Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
State Key Lab of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Mar 15;210:162-170. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.077.
Eco-compensation is the most important form of compensatory conservation in China. However, this compensatory mechanism is criticized for vague definition and massive government participation. For better understanding of eco-compensation in China, this paper compares theories and practices of compensatory mechanisms in China and abroad. The analysis of theoretical backgrounds shows that eco-compensation in China is a combination of 'ecological compensation' and 'payments for ecosystem services'. Ten compensatory projects in China and abroad are assessed to reveal characteristics and problems of eco-compensation in China. The results show that compensatory projects in China lagged behind mature foreign compensatory projects in clarity of property rights, responsibility fulfillment, executive efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and equality. The massive participation of the government is the major reason for the poor performance of compensatory projects in China. However, government participation is necessary at the present stage in China for the income gap and beneficiaries' low willingness to pay. For the improvement of eco-compensation in China, suggestions are given on the choice of non-market valuation methods, the creation of property rights and the establishment of market mechanisms.
生态补偿是中国最重要的补偿性保护形式。然而，这种补偿机制因定义模糊和大量政府参与而受到批评。为了更好地理解中国的生态补偿，本文比较了国内外补偿机制的理论和实践。理论背景的分析表明，中国的生态补偿是“生态补偿”和“生态系统服务付费”的结合。对中国和国外的十个补偿项目进行了评估，以揭示中国生态补偿的特点和问题。结果表明，中国的补偿项目在产权、责任履行、执行效率、效果、可持续性和公平性方面落后于成熟的外国补偿项目。政府的大量参与是中国补偿项目绩效不佳的主要原因。然而，在现阶段，中国的收入差距和受益人的低支付意愿需要政府参与。为了改进中国的生态补偿，本文就非市场估值方法的选择、产权的创造和市场机制的建立提出了建议。
