Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2019 Jan-Feb;71:50-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.01.009. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
The period of in utero development is one of the most critical windows during which adverse conditions and exposures may influence the growth and development of the fetus as well as its future postnatal health and behavior. Maternal substance use during pregnancy remains a relatively common but nonetheless hazardous in utero exposure. For example, previous epidemiological studies have associated prenatal substance exposure with reduced birth weight, poor developmental and psychological outcomes, and increased risk for diseases and behavioral disorders (e.g., externalizing behaviors like ADHD, conduct disorder, and substance use) later in life. Researchers are now learning that many of the mechanisms whereby adverse in utero exposures may affect key pathways crucial for proper fetal growth and development are epigenetic in nature, with the majority of work in humans considering DNA methylation specifically. This review will explore the research to date on epigenetic alterations tied to maternal substance use during pregnancy and will also discuss the possible role of DNA methylation in the robust relationship between maternal substance use and later behavioral and developmental sequelae in offspring.
胎儿期是最关键的时期之一，在此期间，不良条件和暴露可能会影响胎儿的生长和发育，以及其未来的产后健康和行为。母亲在怀孕期间使用物质仍然是一种相对常见但危险的宫内暴露。例如，以前的流行病学研究表明，产前物质暴露与出生体重降低、发育和心理结果不良以及日后患病和行为障碍（如 ADHD、品行障碍和物质使用等外化行为）的风险增加有关。研究人员现在了解到，许多不良宫内暴露可能影响适当胎儿生长和发育的关键途径的机制是表观遗传性质的，其中大多数人类研究专门考虑 DNA 甲基化。本综述将探讨迄今为止与母亲怀孕期间使用物质相关的表观遗传改变的研究，并将讨论 DNA 甲基化在母亲使用物质与后代日后行为和发育后果之间的强大关系中的可能作用。
