School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Nutrients. 2018 Feb 6;10(2):178. doi: 10.3390/nu10020178.
Childhood obesity is a global problem with many contributing factors including dietary energy density (DED). This paper aims to investigate potential predictors of DED among preschool aged children in Victoria, Australia. Secondary analysis of longitudinal data for 209 mother-child pairs from the Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial was conducted. Data for predictors (maternal child feeding and nutrition knowledge, maternal dietary intake, home food availability, socioeconomic status) were obtained through questionnaires completed by first-time mothers when children were aged 4 or 18 months. Three 24-h dietary recalls were completed when children were aged ~3.5 years. DED was calculated utilizing three methods: "food only", "food and dairy beverages", and "food and all beverages". Linear regression analyses were conducted to identify associations between predictors and these three measures of children's DED. Home availability of fruits (β: -0.82; 95% CI: -1.35, -0.29, = 0.002 for DED; β: -0.42; 95% CI: -0.82, -0.02, = 0.041 for DED) and non-core snacks (β: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.20, = 0.016 for DED; β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15, = 0.010 for DED) were significantly associated with two of the three DED measures. Providing fruit at home early in a child's life may encourage the establishment of healthful eating behaviors that could promote a diet that is lower in energy density later in life. Home availability of non-core snacks is likely to increase the energy density of preschool children's diets, supporting the proposition that non-core snack availability at home should be limited.
儿童肥胖是一个全球性问题，有许多因素促成，包括饮食能量密度（DED）。本文旨在调查澳大利亚维多利亚州学龄前儿童 DED 的潜在预测因素。对墨尔本婴儿喂养、活动和营养试验（Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial）的 209 对母婴纵向数据进行二次分析。通过首次生育的母亲在孩子 4 或 18 个月时完成的问卷获得预测因素（母婴喂养和营养知识、母亲饮食摄入、家庭食物供应、社会经济地位）的数据。当孩子大约 3.5 岁时，完成了三次 24 小时饮食回忆。利用三种方法计算 DED：“仅食物”、“食物和乳制品饮料”和“食物和所有饮料”。进行线性回归分析，以确定预测因素与儿童 DED 的这三种衡量指标之间的关联。家中水果的供应（DED：β：-0.82；95%CI：-1.35，-0.29， = 0.002；DED：β：-0.42；95%CI：-0.82，-0.02， = 0.041）和非核心零食（DED：β：0.11；95%CI：0.02，0.20， = 0.016；DED：β：0.09；95%CI：0.02，0.15， = 0.010）与三种 DED 衡量指标中的两种显著相关。在孩子生命早期提供水果可能会鼓励建立健康的饮食习惯，从而促进日后低能量密度的饮食。家中非核心零食的供应很可能会增加学龄前儿童饮食的能量密度，支持家中非核心零食供应应有限的观点。
