Mosselman Floris, Weenink Don, Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J Res Crime Delinq. 2018 Feb;55(1):3-26. doi: 10.1177/0022427817706525. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
A small-scale exploration of the use of video analysis to study robberies. We analyze the use of weapons as part of the body posturing of robbers as they attempt to attain dominance.
Qualitative analyses of video footage of 23 shop robberies. We used Observer XT software (version 12) for fine-grained multimodal coding, capturing diverse bodily behavior by various actors simultaneously. We also constructed story lines to understand the robberies as hermeneutic whole cases.
Robbers attain dominance by using weapons that afford aggrandizing posturing and forward movements. Guns rather than knives seemed to fit more easily with such posturing. Also, victims were more likely to show minimizing postures when confronted with guns. Thus, guns, as part of aggrandizing posturing, offer more support to robbers' claims to dominance in addition to their more lethal power. In the cases where resistance occurred, robbers either expressed insecure body movements or minimizing postures and related weapon usage or they failed to impose a robbery frame as the victims did not seem to comprehend the situation initially.
Video analysis opens up a new perspective of how violent crime unfolds as sequences of bodily movements. We provide methodological recommendations and suggest a larger scale comparative project.
对使用视频分析研究抢劫案进行小规模探索。我们分析抢劫者在试图确立主导地位时将使用武器作为身体姿态一部分的情况。
对23起商店抢劫案的视频片段进行定性分析。我们使用Observer XT软件（版本12）进行细粒度多模态编码，同时捕捉不同行为者的各种身体行为。我们还构建故事情节，将抢劫案理解为诠释性的完整案例。
抢劫者通过使用能支持夸张姿态和向前移动的武器来确立主导地位。枪支似乎比刀具更易于配合此类姿态。此外，受害者在面对枪支时更有可能表现出收缩姿态。因此，枪支作为夸张姿态的一部分，除了具有更大杀伤力外，还为抢劫者确立主导地位提供了更多支持。在发生抵抗的案件中，抢劫者要么表现出不安全的身体动作、收缩姿态及相关武器使用方式，要么由于受害者最初似乎未理解情况而未能构建抢劫框架。
视频分析为暴力犯罪如何作为身体动作序列展开提供了新视角。我们提供了方法学建议，并提议开展更大规模的比较项目。
