Kendig Michael D, Fu Michelle X, Rehn Simone, Martire Sarah I, Boakes Robert A, Rooney Kieron B
School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia.
School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia.
Physiol Behav. 2018 May 1;188:162-172. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.008. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a risk factor for weight gain and metabolic disease. Whether this risk is reduced by switching to 'diet' beverages containing low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) is controversial. Two experiments modeled whether a switch from SSB to LCS beverages produced positive outcomes on behavioral and metabolic measures. Both experiments consisted of a Stage 1, in which adult female rats received unrestricted access to 10% sucrose solution in addition to chow and water for 4 (Experiment 1) or 8 weeks (Experiment 2). In Stage 2 rats were switched to either saccharin (Suc-Sacch) or water (Suc-Water) or remained on 10% sucrose (Suc-Suc) for a further 4 (Experiment 1) or 7 weeks (Experiment 2). Experiment 2 contained a fourth group that was maintained on water throughout (Water-Water). In both experiments energy intake and weight gain in Stage 2 was reduced for Suc-Sacch and Suc-Water groups relative to the Suc-Suc groups and at cull the Suc-Suc groups showed poorer insulin sensitivity and greater g/kg fat than Suc-Water and Suc-Sacch groups. In Experiment 2 short-term place recognition memory was impaired at the end of Stage 1 but recovered to a similar extent in the Suc-Water and Suc-Sacch groups; when the latter groups were compared with the Water-Water group, recovery was found to be essentially complete. A higher saccharin concentration in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1 increased absolute amounts of saccharin ingested but intake solution volumes remained low. These results show that switching from sucrose to either water or saccharin produces equivalent improvements on both metabolic and cognitive measures.
高糖饮料（SSB）的大量摄入是体重增加和代谢疾病的一个风险因素。改用含低热量甜味剂（LCS）的“低糖”饮料是否能降低这种风险存在争议。两项实验模拟了从SSB转向LCS饮料是否会在行为和代谢指标上产生积极结果。两个实验均包括第1阶段，在此阶段，成年雌性大鼠除了可随意获取食物和水外，还能自由饮用10%的蔗糖溶液，持续4周（实验1）或8周（实验2）。在第2阶段，大鼠被换成糖精（蔗糖-糖精组）或水（蔗糖-水组），或者继续饮用10%的蔗糖溶液（蔗糖-蔗糖组），持续4周（实验1）或7周（实验2）。实验2包含第四组，该组在整个实验过程中只饮用清水（清水-清水组）。在两个实验中，相对于蔗糖-蔗糖组，蔗糖-糖精组和蔗糖-水组在第2阶段的能量摄入和体重增加均有所减少，在处死时，蔗糖-蔗糖组的胰岛素敏感性较差，每千克脂肪含量高于蔗糖-水组和蔗糖-糖精组。在实验2中，短期位置识别记忆在第1阶段结束时受损，但在蔗糖-水组和蔗糖-糖精组中恢复到了相似程度；当将后两组与清水-清水组进行比较时，发现恢复基本完全。实验2中糖精浓度高于实验1，这增加了糖精的绝对摄入量，但摄入的溶液体积仍然较低。这些结果表明，从蔗糖转向水或糖精在代谢和认知指标上产生了同等程度的改善。
