Pinto Denise Entrudo, Foletto Kelly Carraro, Nunes Ramiro Barcos, Lago Pedro Dal, Bertoluci Marcello Casaccia
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, n° 2400, CEP 90035-003, Bairro Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil.
Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, n° 245, CEP 90050-170, Bairro Centro, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017 Feb 20;14:18. doi: 10.1186/s12986-017-0165-7. eCollection 2017.
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) have been associated with increased prevalence of obesity. In previous studies, we demonstrated that saccharin could induce an increase in weight gain either when compared to sucrose or to a non-sweetened control at a similar total caloric intake. These data raised the hypothesis that reduced energy expenditure (EE) could be a potential mechanism explaining greater weight gain with saccharin use in rats. The aim of the present study was to compare long-term energy expenditure at rest between rats using saccharin or sucrose and correlate it with weight gain. .
In the present study, we examine the potential impact of saccharin compared to sucrose in the EE of Wistar rats. In a controlled experiment of 17 weeks, 24 Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: saccharin-sweetened yogurt (SAC) or sucrose-sweetened yogurt (SUC), plus a free chow diet. Only rats that consumed at least 70% of the offered yogurt were included. EE (kcal/day) was determined at rest through open circuit indirect calorimetry system in the early post-absorptive period with determinations of both VO consumption and CO production. Measurements were evaluated at baseline, 5 and 12 weeks of dietary intervention. Weight gain, caloric intake (from yogurt, from chow and total) were determined weekly.
Body weight and EE were similar between groups at baseline: ( = .35) and ( = .67) respectively. At the end of the study, SAC increased total weight gain significantly more in relation to SUC ( = .03). Cumulative total caloric intake (yogurt plus chow) was similar between groups during the whole period ( = .54). At 12 weeks, the EE was smaller in SAC compared to SUC ( = .009). Considering both groups, there was a strong negative correlation between total weight gain and change in EE observed [(20) = -.61, = .003]. However, when analyzing the groups separately we found that SUC maintained this inverse correlation [(8) = -.68, = .03], while SAC did not [(10) = -.33, = .29].
These data support the hypothesis that long-term use of saccharin may blunt post-absorptive EE at rest in Wistar rats, which is related to weight gain. On the other hand, long-term sucrose intake can increase energy expenditure in rats. This effect combined can explain, at least partially, the weight gain increases associated to saccharin in relation to sucrose in these animals.
非营养性甜味剂（NNS）与肥胖患病率增加有关。在先前的研究中，我们证明，与蔗糖或总热量摄入相似的无糖对照相比，糖精可导致体重增加。这些数据提出了一个假设，即能量消耗（EE）降低可能是解释大鼠使用糖精后体重增加更多的潜在机制。本研究的目的是比较使用糖精或蔗糖的大鼠之间的长期静息能量消耗，并将其与体重增加相关联。
在本研究中，我们研究了与蔗糖相比，糖精对Wistar大鼠能量消耗的潜在影响。在一项为期17周的对照实验中，24只Wistar大鼠被分为两组：糖精加酸奶（SAC）组或蔗糖加酸奶（SUC）组，外加自由进食。仅纳入食用了至少70%提供的酸奶的大鼠。在吸收后早期，通过开路间接量热系统测定静息状态下的能量消耗（千卡/天），同时测定耗氧量和二氧化碳产生量。在饮食干预的基线、第5周和第12周对测量值进行评估。每周测定体重增加、热量摄入（来自酸奶、食物和总量）情况。
两组在基线时体重和能量消耗相似：分别为（=0.35）和（=0.67）。在研究结束时，与SUC组相比，SAC组总体重增加显著更多（=0.03）。在整个期间，两组累积总热量摄入（酸奶加食物）相似（=0.54）。在第12周时，与SUC组相比，SAC组的能量消耗较小（=0.009）。考虑两组，观察到总体重增加与能量消耗变化之间存在强烈的负相关[（20）=-0.61，=0.003]。然而，当分别分析两组时，我们发现SUC组保持这种负相关[（8）=-0.68，=0.03]而SAC组没有[（10）=-0.33，=0.29]。
这些数据支持以下假设：长期使用糖精可能会降低Wistar大鼠静息状态下吸收后的能量消耗，这与体重增加有关。另一方面，长期摄入蔗糖可增加大鼠的能量消耗。这种综合效应至少可以部分解释这些动物中与蔗糖相比，糖精相关的体重增加。
