Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Feb 9;18(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1630-1.
Bereavement can result in severe mental health problems, including persistent, severe and disabling grief symptoms, termed complicated grief. Grief rumination (i.e., repetitive thought about the causes and consequences of the loss) is a malleable cognitive risk-factor in adjustment to bereavement. The Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS) was recently developed to assess grief rumination. The present study aimed to develop and validate a German version of the UGRS.
An online survey including measures of demographic and loss-related variables, grief rumination (UGRS), depressive rumination (brooding and reflection), and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and complicated grief, was administered online among 159 persons (87% women) who had lost a first-degree relative in the past three years. UGRS item analyses, a confirmatory factor analysis and associations of grief rumination with brooding, reflection and symptom levels were performed.
The internal consistency of the UGRS was good. The confirmatory factor analysis obtained a good fit for a model with five correlated grief rumination subscales. The UGRS contributed uniquely to the prediction of complicated grief symptoms even when controlling for symptoms of anxiety and depression, brooding, reflection, and demographic and loss-related variables. Discriminant validity of the UGRS was demonstrated by the fact that higher UGRS scores were found in participants with a higher likelihood of receiving a diagnosis of complicated grief (d > 1.60).
The translated UGRS showed very good psychometric properties and the correlations with maladaptive ruminative styles and complicated grief symptoms demonstrated the clinical relevance of grief rumination. Limitations concerning generalisability of the results are discussed.
丧亲可能导致严重的心理健康问题，包括持续、严重和致残的悲伤症状，称为复杂悲伤。悲伤反刍（即反复思考失去的原因和后果）是适应丧亲的可改变认知风险因素。乌得勒支悲伤反刍量表（UGRS）最近被开发出来评估悲伤反刍。本研究旨在开发和验证 UGRS 的德文版本。
一项在线调查包括人口统计学和与损失相关的变量、悲伤反刍（UGRS）、抑郁反刍（沉思和反思）以及抑郁、焦虑和复杂悲伤的症状，在过去三年中失去一级亲属的 159 人（87%为女性）中在线进行。进行了 UGRS 项目分析、验证性因素分析以及悲伤反刍与沉思、反思和症状水平的关联。
UGRS 的内部一致性良好。验证性因素分析得出了一个具有五个相关悲伤反刍分量表的模型的良好拟合。即使在控制焦虑和抑郁、沉思、反思以及人口统计学和损失相关变量的症状后，UGRS 仍对复杂悲伤症状的预测具有独特贡献。UGRS 的判别效度通过以下事实得到证明：具有更高复杂性悲伤诊断可能性的参与者的 UGRS 得分更高（d>1.60）。
翻译后的 UGRS 具有非常好的心理测量特性，与适应不良的反刍风格和复杂悲伤症状的相关性表明了悲伤反刍的临床相关性。讨论了结果的普遍性的局限性。
