Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 9;8(1):2775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21154-x.
Little is known about the acute effects of ozone on morbidity risk in China. We conducted a time-series study to examine the association between ozone and daily emergency room visits (ERVs) in Beijing, China. We identified 7,088,309 ERVs between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015. A generalized additive model with Poisson regression incorporating penalized spline functions was employed to analyze ERVs in association with daily 8-h maximum ozone concentrations. An increase of 10 μg/m of same-day ozone concentration was significantly associated with a 0.24% (95% CI, 0.21%-0.26%), 0.31% (95% CI, 0.27%-0.35%), and 0.43% (95% CI, 0.36%-0.50%) increase in daily ERVs for the whole study period, days when the daily 8-h maximum ozone met the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) Grade II standard, and days that met the CAAQS Grade I standard, respectively. These results were robust when considering the potential confounding effects of PM, PM, NO, SO, and CO. In conclusion, our findings suggested significant effects of ozone exposure on daily ERVs in Beijing. Improving air quality with even lower ozone level than the current CAAQS could yield important public health.
目前对于臭氧在中国对发病率风险的急性影响知之甚少。我们进行了一项时间序列研究，以检验臭氧与中国北京每日急诊室就诊量（ERVs）之间的关系。我们确定了 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 2015 年 12 月 31 日期间的 7,088,309 次 ERVs。我们采用带有惩罚样条函数的广义加性模型与泊松回归相结合，分析与每日 8 小时最大臭氧浓度相关的 ERVs。同一日臭氧浓度每增加 10μg/m，总研究期间、每日 8 小时最大臭氧浓度符合中国环境空气质量标准（CAAQS）二级标准的天数以及符合 CAAQS 一级标准的天数，每日 ERVs 分别显著增加 0.24%（95%CI，0.21%-0.26%）、0.31%（95%CI，0.27%-0.35%）和 0.43%（95%CI，0.36%-0.50%）。当考虑 PM、PM、NO、SO 和 CO 的潜在混杂影响时，这些结果是稳健的。总之，我们的研究结果表明臭氧暴露对北京每日 ERVs 有显著影响。即使在比当前 CAAQS 更低的臭氧水平下改善空气质量，也可能产生重要的公共卫生效益。
