Bellavite Paolo, Bonafini Clara, Marzotto Marta
Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2018 Jan-Mar;9(1):69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.010. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
Gelsemium sempervirens L. (Gelsemium) is traditionally used for its anxiolytic-like properties and its action mechanism in laboratory models are under scrutiny. Evidence from rodent models was reported suggesting the existence of a high sensitivity of central nervous system to anxiolytic power of Gelsemium extracts and Homeopathic dilutions. In vitro investigation of extremely low doses of this plant extract showed a modulation of gene expression of human neurocytes. These studies were criticized in a few commentaries, generated a debate in literature and were followed by further experimental studies from various laboratories. Toxic doses of Gelsemium cause neurological signs characterized by marked weakness and convulsions, while ultra-low doses or high Homeopathic dilutions counteract seizures induced by lithium and pilocarpine, decrease anxiety after stress and increases the anti-stress allopregnanolone hormone, through glycine receptors. Low (non-Homeopathic) doses of this plant or its alkaloids decrease neuropathic pain and c-Fos expression in mice brain and oxidative stress. Due to the complexity of the matter, several aspects deserve interpretation and the main controversial topics, with a focus on the issues of high dilution pharmacology, are discussed and clarified.
常绿钩吻（Gelsemium sempervirens L.）传统上因其具有抗焦虑样特性而被使用，其在实验室模型中的作用机制正在受到审查。有报道称，来自啮齿动物模型的证据表明，中枢神经系统对钩吻提取物和顺势疗法稀释剂的抗焦虑能力高度敏感。对这种植物提取物极低剂量的体外研究表明，其对人类神经细胞的基因表达有调节作用。这些研究在一些评论中受到批评，在文献中引发了一场争论，随后各个实验室又进行了进一步的实验研究。钩吻的有毒剂量会导致以明显虚弱和抽搐为特征的神经症状，而超低剂量或高顺势疗法稀释剂则通过甘氨酸受体抵消锂和毛果芸香碱诱发的癫痫发作，减轻应激后的焦虑，并增加抗应激的别孕烯醇酮激素。这种植物的低（非顺势疗法）剂量或其生物碱可减轻小鼠大脑中的神经性疼痛和c-Fos表达以及氧化应激。由于此事的复杂性，有几个方面值得解读，本文将讨论并阐明主要的争议话题，重点是高稀释药理学问题。
