Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3255, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA.
Adv Mater. 2018 Sep;30(37):e1704303. doi: 10.1002/adma.201704303. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of porous materials with potential applications in gas storage, separations, catalysis, and chemical sensing. Despite numerous advantages, applications of many MOFs are ultimately limited by their stability under harsh conditions. Herein, the recent advances in the field of stable MOFs, covering the fundamental mechanisms of MOF stability, design, and synthesis of stable MOF architectures, and their latest applications are reviewed. First, key factors that affect MOF stability under certain chemical environments are introduced to guide the design of robust structures. This is followed by a short review of synthetic strategies of stable MOFs including modulated synthesis and postsynthetic modifications. Based on the fundamentals of MOF stability, stable MOFs are classified into two categories: high-valency metal-carboxylate frameworks and low-valency metal-azolate frameworks. Along this line, some representative stable MOFs are introduced, their structures are described, and their properties are briefly discussed. The expanded applications of stable MOFs in Lewis/Brønsted acid catalysis, redox catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, gas storage, and sensing are highlighted. Overall, this review is expected to guide the design of stable MOFs by providing insights into existing structures, which could lead to the discovery and development of more advanced functional materials.
金属-有机骨架（MOFs）是一类新兴的多孔材料，具有在气体存储、分离、催化和化学传感等方面的潜在应用。尽管具有许多优点，但许多 MOFs 的应用最终受到其在恶劣条件下的稳定性的限制。本文综述了稳定 MOFs 的最新进展，涵盖了 MOF 稳定性的基本机制、稳定 MOF 结构的设计和合成及其最新应用。首先，介绍了影响 MOF 在特定化学环境下稳定性的关键因素，以指导稳健结构的设计。接着简要回顾了稳定 MOFs 的合成策略，包括调制合成和后合成修饰。基于 MOF 稳定性的基本原理，将稳定 MOFs 分为两类：高价金属-羧酸盐骨架和低价金属-氮杂环骨架。沿着这条线，介绍了一些有代表性的稳定 MOFs，描述了它们的结构，并简要讨论了它们的性质。还强调了稳定 MOFs 在路易斯/布朗斯台德酸催化、氧化还原催化、光催化、电催化、气体存储和传感方面的扩展应用。总的来说，通过提供对现有结构的深入了解，本综述有望指导稳定 MOFs 的设计，从而发现和开发更先进的功能材料。
