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热应激条件下饲喂甘氨酸强化低蛋白日粮的雌性肉鸡的生长性能、十二指肠形态及盲肠微生物种群

Growth performance, duodenal morphology and the caecal microbial population in female broiler chickens fed glycine-fortified low protein diets under heat stress conditions.

作者信息

Awad E A, Idrus Z, Soleimani Farjam A, Bello A U, Jahromi M F

机构信息

a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.

b Department of Poultry Production , University of Khartoum , Khartoum North , Sudan.

出版信息

Br Poult Sci. 2018 Jun;59(3):340-348. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1440377. Epub 2018 Mar 9.

DOI:10.1080/00071668.2018.1440377
PMID:29433333
Abstract
  1. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of feeding glycine (Gly)-fortified low protein (LP) diets on the growth performance, duodenal morphology and caecal microbial populations of broiler chickens raised under unheated, cyclic or constant heat stress environmental conditions. 2. From d 1 to 21 (starter phase), an equivalent number of birds were fed either a normal protein (NP) diet or a LP diet fortified with Gly. From d 22 to 42 (grower phase), an equivalent number of birds from each starter diet were distributed to one of the following dietary groups: (i) an NP diet during the starter and grower phases (NPNP), (ii) an NP diet during the starter phase and a LP diet during the grower phase (NPLP), (iii) an LP diet during the starter phase and an NP diet during the grower phase (LPNP) or (iv) LP diets during both phases (LPLP). 3. Commencing from d 22, an equivalent number of birds from each dietary group were exposed to (i) 23 ± 1°C throughout (unheated), (ii) 34 ± 1°C for 7 h each day from 10:00 to 17:00 (cyclic heat) or (iii) 34 ± 1°C throughout (constant heat). 4. Feeding the LP diet during the starter phase resulted in feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratios (FCR) and energy efficiency ratios (EER) similar to those for the NP diet. The birds fed the LP diet had a significantly higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared with the birds fed the NP diet. 5. During the grower phase, there were significant diet × temperature interactions for F, WG, FCR, PER, EER, villus height, crypt depth and caecal Clostridia. The birds fed the NPLP and LPLP diets had lower FI, WG and EER, higher FCR, shorter villus height and crypt depth and higher caecal Clostridia compared with the birds fed LPNP and NPNP diets under constant heat stress. However, feeding birds the NPLP and LPLP diets resulted in FI, WG, EER, FCR, morphology parameters and caecal Clostridia equivalent to the birds fed LPNP and NPNP diets, as well as improved PER, under unheated and cyclic heat stress conditions. 6. In conclusion, our results indicate that Gly-fortified LP diets can be fed to broilers under normal and acute heat stress environmental conditions without any adverse effects on performance. However, the use of such LP diets can be detrimental to broilers under chronic heat stress conditions.
摘要
  1. 本研究旨在探讨在未加热、周期性或持续性热应激环境条件下饲养的肉鸡,饲喂添加甘氨酸(Gly)的低蛋白(LP)日粮对其生长性能、十二指肠形态和盲肠微生物种群的影响。2. 从第1天到第21天(育雏期),将数量相等的鸡分别饲喂正常蛋白(NP)日粮或添加Gly的LP日粮。从第22天到第42天(生长期),将来自每种育雏期日粮的数量相等的鸡分配到以下日粮组之一:(i)育雏期和生长期均饲喂NP日粮(NPNP),(ii)育雏期饲喂NP日粮,生长期饲喂LP日粮(NPLP),(iii)育雏期饲喂LP日粮,生长期饲喂NP日粮(LPNP),或(iv)两个阶段均饲喂LP日粮(LPLP)。3. 从第22天开始,将来自每个日粮组的数量相等的鸡暴露于(i)全程23±1°C(未加热),(ii)每天10:00至17:00为34±1°C,持续7小时(周期性热应激),或(iii)全程34±1°C(持续性热应激)。4. 在育雏期饲喂LP日粮,其采食量(FI)、体重增加(WG)、饲料转化率(FCR)和能量效率比(EER)与NP日粮相似。与饲喂NP日粮的鸡相比,饲喂LP日粮的鸡的蛋白质效率比(PER)显著更高。5. 在生长期,对于F、WG、FCR、PER、EER、绒毛高度、隐窝深度和盲肠梭菌,存在显著的日粮×温度交互作用。在持续性热应激条件下,与饲喂LPNP和NPNP日粮的鸡相比,饲喂NPLP和LPLP日粮的鸡的FI、WG和EER较低,FCR较高,绒毛高度和隐窝深度较短,盲肠梭菌数量较多。然而,在未加热和周期性热应激条件下,饲喂鸡NPLP和LPLP日粮导致其FI、WG、EER、FCR、形态学参数和盲肠梭菌数量与饲喂LPNP和NPNP日粮的鸡相当,同时PER有所提高。6. 总之,我们的结果表明,在正常和急性热应激环境条件下,可以给肉鸡饲喂添加Gly的LP日粮,而不会对其性能产生任何不利影响。然而,在慢性热应激条件下使用这种LP日粮可能对肉鸡有害。

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