Kikusato Motoi, Toyomizu Masaaki
Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
J Poult Sci. 2023 Aug 9;60(2):2023021. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.2023021. eCollection 2023.
Poultry meat and egg production benefits from a smaller carbon footprint, as well as feed and water consumption, per unit of product, than other protein sources. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable production of poultry meat is important to meet the increasing global demand for this staple. Heat stress experienced during the summer season or in tropical/subtropical areas negatively affects the productivity and health of chickens. Crucially, its impact is predicted to grow with the acceleration of global warming. Heat stress affects the physiology, metabolism, and immune response of chickens, causing electrolyte imbalance, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, and immunosuppression. These changes do not occur independently, pointing to a systemic mechanism. Recently, intestinal homeostasis has been identified as an important contributor to nutrient absorption and the progression of systemic inflammation. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant response, the presence of oxidants in the diet, and microbiota composition. The present review focuses on the effect of heat stress on intestinal dysfunction in chickens and the underlying causative factors. Understanding these mechanisms will direct the design of strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress, while benefiting both animal health and sustainable poultry production.
与其他蛋白质来源相比，禽肉和禽蛋生产每单位产品的碳足迹以及饲料和水的消耗量更低。因此，维持禽肉的可持续生产对于满足全球对这种主食日益增长的需求至关重要。夏季或热带/亚热带地区经历的热应激会对鸡的生产力和健康产生负面影响。至关重要的是，预计随着全球变暖的加速，其影响会加剧。热应激会影响鸡的生理、代谢和免疫反应，导致电解质失衡、氧化应激、内分泌紊乱、炎症和免疫抑制。这些变化并非独立发生，而是指向一种系统性机制。最近，肠道稳态已被确定为营养吸收和全身炎症进展的重要因素。其作用机制被认为涉及神经内分泌信号传导、抗氧化反应、饮食中氧化剂的存在以及微生物群组成。本综述重点关注热应激对鸡肠道功能障碍的影响及其潜在病因。了解这些机制将指导减轻热应激负面影响的策略设计，同时有益于动物健康和可持续家禽生产。
