Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Netherlands Nutrition Centre (Voedingscentrum), Eisenhowerlaan 108, 2517 KL The Hague, P.O. Box 85700, 2508 CK The Hague, The Netherlands.
Food Res Int. 2018 Feb;104:14-24. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jun 6.
To determine the differences in environmental impact and nutrient content of the current Dutch diet and four healthy diets aimed at lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
GHG emissions (as proxy for environmental impact) and nutrient content of the current Dutch diet and four diets adhering to the Dutch food based dietary guidelines (Wheel of Five), were compared in a scenario study. Scenarios included a healthy diet with or without meat, and the same diets in which only foods with relatively low GHG emissions are chosen. For the current diet, data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010 were used. GHG emissions (in kg CO-equivalents) were based on life cycle assessments. Results are reported for men and women aged 19-30years and 31-50years.
The effect on GHG emissions of changing the current Dutch diet to a diet according to the Wheel of Five (corresponding with the current diet as close as possible), ranged from -13% for men aged 31-50years to +5% for women aged 19-30years. Replacing meat in this diet and/or consuming only foods with relatively low GHG emissions resulted in average GHG emission reductions varying from 28-46%. In the scenarios in which only foods with relatively low GHG emissions are consumed, fewer dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were met than in the other healthy diet scenarios. However, in all healthy diet scenarios the number of DRIs being met was equal to or higher than that in the current diet.
Diets adhering to food based dietary guidelines did not substantially reduce GHG emissions compared to the current Dutch diet, when these diets stayed as close to the current diet as possible. Omitting meat from these healthy diets or consuming only foods with relatively low associated GHG emissions both resulted in GHG emission reductions of around a third. These findings may be used to expand food based dietary guidelines with information on how to reduce the environmental impact of healthy diets.
确定当前荷兰饮食与旨在降低温室气体（GHG）排放的四种健康饮食在环境影响和营养成分方面的差异。
在情景研究中，比较了当前荷兰饮食和四种遵循荷兰基于食物的饮食指南（五轮）的饮食的 GHG 排放（作为环境影响的代理）和营养成分。情景包括有无肉的健康饮食，以及仅选择 GHG 排放量相对较低的食物的相同饮食。对于当前饮食，使用了 2007-2010 年荷兰国家食品消费调查的数据。GHG 排放（以 kg CO 当量计）基于生命周期评估。结果报告了 19-30 岁和 31-50 岁男性和女性的数据。
将当前荷兰饮食改为符合五轮饮食（尽可能接近当前饮食）的饮食，对 GHG 排放的影响范围为 19-30 岁男性的-13%至 31-50 岁女性的+5%。在这种饮食中替代肉类和/或仅食用 GHG 排放量相对较低的食物，平均 GHG 排放量减少 28-46%。在仅食用 GHG 排放量相对较低的食物的情景中，满足的膳食参考摄入量（DRI）比其他健康饮食情景少。然而，在所有健康饮食情景中，满足的 DRI 数量与当前饮食相同或更高。
与当前荷兰饮食相比，当这些饮食尽可能接近当前饮食时，遵循基于食物的饮食指南的饮食并没有显著降低 GHG 排放。从这些健康饮食中去除肉类或仅食用 GHG 排放相对较低的食物，都会导致 GHG 排放量减少约三分之一。这些发现可用于扩大基于食物的饮食指南，提供有关如何降低健康饮食环境影响的信息。
