Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MAThe Netherlands.
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Public Health Nutr. 2019 Nov;22(16):2931-2940. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019001824. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
To identify differences in dietary quality, dietary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and food consumption over 20 years in a Dutch cohort.
Participants (n 8932) filled out an FFQ in 1993-1997 and in 2015. The Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15-index) score, GHG emissions and consumption of food groups (g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) were compared between the time points with paired t tests.
The Netherlands.
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - Netherlands (EPIC-NL) cohort, aged 18-65 years at baseline.
Total energy intake decreased by -678 (95 % CI -4908, 3377) kJ/d (-162 (95 % CI -1173, 807) kcal/d) for men and -372 (95 % CI -3820, 3130) kJ/d (-89 (95 % CI -913, 748) kcal/d) for women. DHD15-index scores increased by 11 % (from 64·8 to 71·9 points) and 13 % (from 65·2 to 73·6 points) in men and women, respectively (P < 0·0001), mainly due to an increased (shell)fish and nuts/seeds/nut paste consumption. After energy intake adjustment, dietary-related GHG emissions increased by 5 % in men (2·48-2·61 kg CO2-eq/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), P < 0·0001) and were similar in women (0·4 %, 2·70-2·71 kg CO2-eq/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), P = 0·3930) due to the increased consumption of (shell)fish, nuts/seeds/nut paste, poultry and higher GHG-intensive red meats such as beef.
This Dutch cohort analyses showed more healthy diets without mitigated GHG emissions over a 20-year period, at similar energy intakes. Higher consumption of (shell)fish and poultry was not yet at the expense of red and processed meat. Lower consumption of animal-based foods is needed to achieve healthier as well as environmentally friendly diets.
在荷兰队列中，确定 20 多年来膳食质量、膳食温室气体（GHG）排放和食物消耗的差异。
参与者（n=8932）于 1993-1997 年和 2015 年填写了一份 FFQ。在这两个时间点，采用配对 t 检验比较荷兰健康饮食指数 2015（DHD15-index）评分、GHG 排放和食物组的消费（g/4184 kJ（1000 kcal））。
荷兰。
欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查-荷兰（EPIC-NL）队列，基线时年龄为 18-65 岁。
男性的总能量摄入减少了-678（95%CI-4908，3377）kJ/d（-162（95%CI-1173，807）kcal/d），女性减少了-372（95%CI-3820，3130）kJ/d（-89（95%CI-913，748）kcal/d）。男性和女性的 DHD15-index 评分分别增加了 11%（从 64.8 分增加到 71.9 分）和 13%（从 65.2 分增加到 73.6 分）（P<0.0001），这主要归因于（贝类）海鲜和坚果/种子/坚果酱摄入量的增加。在调整能量摄入后，男性的膳食相关 GHG 排放增加了 5%（从 2.48-2.61kg CO2-eq/4184 kJ（1000 kcal），P<0.0001），女性的排放相似（0.4%，从 2.70-2.71kg CO2-eq/4184 kJ（1000 kcal），P=0.3930），这是由于（贝类）海鲜、坚果/种子/坚果酱、家禽和更高 GHG 密集型红肉（如牛肉）的消费增加所致。
这项荷兰队列研究表明，在 20 年的时间里，在相似的能量摄入下，饮食更健康，但 GHG 排放没有减轻。（贝类）海鲜和家禽消费的增加尚未以牺牲红肉和加工肉为代价。需要减少动物源性食物的消费，以实现更健康和环保的饮食。
