McAuliffe Liam, Parfitt Gaynor C, Eston Roger G, Gray Caitlin, Keage Hannah A D, Smith Ashleigh E
1Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Science, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, 108 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia.
2Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences (CAIN) Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, St Bernards Rd Magill, Adelaide, SA 5072 Australia.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2018 Jan 30;10:2. doi: 10.1186/s13102-018-0091-7. eCollection 2018.
Exercise adherence in already low-active older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains low. Perceptual regulation and exergaming may facilitate future exercise behaviour by improving the affective experience, however evidence that this population can perceptually regulate is lacking. To explore this, we investigated 1) perceptual regulation of exercise intensity during either exergaming or regular ergometer cycling and 2) explored affective responses.
Thirty-two low active older adults (73.9 ± 7.3 years, = 16, 8 females) with or without MCI (70.9 ± 5.5 years, = 16, 11 females) participated in a sub-maximal fitness assessment to determine ventilatory threshold (VT) and two experimental sessions (counterbalanced: exergaming or regular ergometer cycling). Experimental sessions consisted 21-min of continuous cycling with 7-min at each: RPE 9, 11 and 13. Oxygen consumption (VO), heart rate (HR), and affect (Feeling Scale) were obtained throughout the exercise.
VO ( < 0.01) and HR ( < 0.01) increased linearly with RPE, but were not significantly different between exercise modes or cognitive groups. At RPE 13, participants worked above VT in both modes (exergaming: 115.7 ± 27.3; non-exergaming 114.1 ± 24.3 VO (%VT)). Regardless of cognitive group, affect declined significantly as RPE increased ( < 0.01). However on average, affect remained pleasant throughout and did not differ between exercise modes or cognitive groups.
These results suggest low-active older adults can perceptually regulate exercise intensity, regardless of cognition or mode. At RPE 13, participants regulated above VT, at an intensity that improves cardiorespiratory fitness long-term, and affect remained positive in the majority of participants, which may support long-term physical activity adherence.
在本就活动量低的老年人中，无论有无轻度认知障碍（MCI），运动依从性仍然很低。感知调节和运动游戏可能通过改善情感体验来促进未来的运动行为，然而，目前缺乏证据表明该人群能够进行感知调节。为了探究这一点，我们调查了：1）在运动游戏或常规测力计骑行过程中对运动强度的感知调节；2）探究情感反应。
32名活动量低的老年人（年龄73.9±7.3岁，男性=16名，女性8名），无论有无MCI（年龄70.9±5.5岁，男性=16名，女性11名），参与了一次亚极量体能评估以确定通气阈值（VT），并进行了两个实验环节（采用平衡设计：运动游戏或常规测力计骑行）。实验环节包括21分钟的持续骑行，每个环节7分钟：主观用力程度（RPE）为9、11和13。在整个运动过程中测量耗氧量（VO）、心率（HR）和情感状态（情感量表）。
VO（<0.01）和HR（<0.01）随RPE呈线性增加，但在运动模式或认知组之间无显著差异。在RPE为13时，两种模式下参与者的运动强度均高于VT（运动游戏：115.7±27.3；非运动游戏114.1±24.3 VO（%VT））。无论认知组如何，随着RPE增加，情感状态显著下降（<0.01）。然而，总体而言，情感状态在整个过程中保持愉悦，且在运动模式或认知组之间无差异。
这些结果表明，活动量低的老年人无论认知状态或运动模式如何，都能够进行运动强度的感知调节。在RPE为13时，参与者的运动强度高于VT，这种强度从长期来看可改善心肺功能，并且大多数参与者的情感状态保持积极，这可能有助于长期坚持体育活动。
