Bate Andrew M, Jones Glyn, Kleczkowski Adam, Naylor Rebecca, Timmis Jon, White Piran C L, Touza Julia
Environment Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5NG, UK.
The Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
Ecohealth. 2018 Jun;15(2):302-316. doi: 10.1007/s10393-018-1312-y. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
The maintenance of livestock health depends on the combined actions of many different actors, both within and across different regulatory frameworks. Prior work recognised that private risk management choices have the ability to reduce the spread of infection to trading partners. We evaluate the efficiency of farmers' alternative biosecurity choices in terms of their own-benefits from unilateral strategies and quantify the impact they may have in filtering the disease externality of trade. We use bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) in England and Scotland as a case study, since this provides an example of a situation where contrasting strategies for BVD management occur between selling and purchasing farms. We use an agent-based bioeconomic model to assess the payoff dependence of farmers connected by trade but using different BVD management strategies. We compare three disease management actions: test-cull, test-cull with vaccination and vaccination alone. For a two-farm trading situation, all actions carried out by the selling farm provide substantial benefits to the purchasing farm in terms of disease avoided, with the greatest benefit resulting from test-culling with vaccination on the selling farm. Likewise, unilateral disease strategies by purchasers can be effective in reducing disease risks created through trade. We conclude that regulation needs to balance the trade-off between private gains from those bearing the disease management costs and the positive spillover effects on others.
牲畜健康的维持取决于许多不同行为主体在不同监管框架内及跨框架的联合行动。先前的研究认识到，私人风险管理选择有能力减少感染向贸易伙伴的传播。我们从农民单边策略自身的收益角度评估其替代性生物安全选择的效率，并量化这些选择在过滤贸易疾病外部性方面可能产生的影响。我们以英格兰和苏格兰的牛病毒性腹泻（BVD）为例进行研究，因为这提供了一个买卖农场在BVD管理策略上存在差异的情况。我们使用基于主体的生物经济模型来评估通过贸易联系但采用不同BVD管理策略的农民的收益依赖性。我们比较三种疾病管理行动：检测扑杀、检测扑杀并接种疫苗以及仅接种疫苗。对于两农场贸易情形，销售农场采取的所有行动在避免疾病方面都为购买农场带来了巨大益处，其中销售农场进行检测扑杀并接种疫苗带来的益处最大。同样，购买方的单边疾病策略在降低贸易带来的疾病风险方面也可能有效。我们得出结论，监管需要在承担疾病管理成本者的私人收益与对他人的积极溢出效应之间权衡利弊。
