RNA 依赖的 RNA 聚合酶：结构、功能和进化的启示。

Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, India.

Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, India.

Viruses. 2018 Feb 10;10(2):76. doi: 10.3390/v10020076.

RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is one of the most versatile enzymes of RNA viruses that is indispensable for replicating the genome as well as for carrying out transcription. The core structural features of RdRps are conserved, despite the divergence in their sequences. The structure of RdRp resembles that of a cupped right hand and consists of fingers, palm and thumb subdomains. The catalysis involves the participation of conserved aspartates and divalent metal ions. Complexes of RdRps with substrates, inhibitors and metal ions provide a comprehensive view of their functional mechanism and offer valuable insights regarding the development of antivirals. In this article, we provide an overview of the structural aspects of RdRps and their complexes from the Group III, IV and V viruses and their structure-based phylogeny.

依赖 RNA 的 RNA 聚合酶（RdRp）是 RNA 病毒中最通用的酶之一，对于复制基因组以及进行转录都是不可或缺的。尽管 RdRp 的序列存在差异，但它们的核心结构特征是保守的。RdRp 的结构类似于一只弯曲的右手，由手指、手掌和拇指结构域组成。催化反应涉及保守的天冬氨酸和二价金属离子的参与。RdRp 与底物、抑制剂和金属离子的复合物提供了对其功能机制的全面了解，并为抗病毒药物的开发提供了有价值的见解。本文概述了来自 III 组、IV 组和 V 组病毒的 RdRp 及其复合物的结构方面及其基于结构的系统发育。