Budnik Lygia Therese, Adam Balazs, Albin Maria, Banelli Barbara, Baur Xaver, Belpoggi Fiorella, Bolognesi Claudia, Broberg Karin, Gustavsson Per, Göen Thomas, Fischer Axel, Jarosinska Dorota, Manservisi Fabiana, O'Kennedy Richard, Øvrevik Johan, Paunovic Elizabet, Ritz Beate, Scheepers Paul T J, Schlünssen Vivi, Schwarzenbach Heidi, Schwarze Per E, Sheils Orla, Sigsgaard Torben, Van Damme Karel, Casteleyn Ludwine
1Division of Translational Toxicology and Immunology, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
2Faculty of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2018 Feb 5;13:6. doi: 10.1186/s12995-018-0186-9. eCollection 2018.
The WHO has ranked environmental hazardous exposures in the living and working environment among the top risk factors for chronic disease mortality. Worldwide, about 40 million people die each year from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular, neurological and lung diseases. The exposure to ambient pollution in the living and working environment is exacerbated by individual susceptibilities and lifestyle-driven factors to produce complex and complicated NCD etiologies. Research addressing the links between environmental exposure and disease prevalence is key for prevention of the pandemic increase in NCD morbidity and mortality. However, the long latency, the chronic course of some diseases and the necessity to address cumulative exposures over very long periods does mean that it is often difficult to identify causal environmental exposures. EU-funded COST Action DiMoPEx is developing new concepts for a better understanding of health-environment (including gene-environment) interactions in the etiology of NCDs. The overarching idea is to teach and train scientists and physicians to learn how to include efficient and valid exposure assessments in their research and in their clinical practice in current and future cooperative projects. DiMoPEx partners have identified some of the emerging research needs, which include the lack of evidence-based exposure data and the need for human-equivalent animal models mirroring human lifespan and low-dose cumulative exposures. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating seven working groups, DiMoPEx will focus on aspects of air pollution with particulate matter including dust and fibers and on exposure to low doses of solvents and sensitizing agents. Biomarkers of early exposure and their associated effects as indicators of disease-derived information will be tested and standardized within individual projects. Risks arising from some NCDs, like pneumoconioses, cancers and allergies, are predictable and preventable. Consequently, preventative action could lead to decreasing disease morbidity and mortality for many of the NCDs that are of major public concern. DiMoPEx plans to catalyze and stimulate interaction of scientists with policy-makers in attacking these exposure-related diseases.
世界卫生组织已将生活和工作环境中的环境有害暴露列为慢性病死亡的首要风险因素。在全球范围内，每年约有4000万人死于非传染性疾病（NCDs），包括癌症、糖尿病以及慢性心血管、神经和肺部疾病。生活和工作环境中的环境污染暴露因个体易感性和生活方式驱动因素而加剧，从而产生复杂的非传染性疾病病因。研究环境暴露与疾病患病率之间的联系是预防非传染性疾病发病率和死亡率大幅上升的关键。然而，由于一些疾病的潜伏期长、病程慢性以及需要考虑很长时期内的累积暴露，这确实意味着往往难以确定因果环境暴露。欧盟资助的COST行动DiMoPEx正在开发新的概念，以更好地理解非传染性疾病病因中的健康-环境（包括基因-环境）相互作用。总体思路是教导和培训科学家及医生，使其学会如何在当前和未来的合作项目中将高效且有效的暴露评估纳入其研究及临床实践中。DiMoPEx的合作伙伴已确定了一些新出现的研究需求，其中包括缺乏基于证据的暴露数据以及需要能反映人类寿命和低剂量累积暴露的等效人类动物模型。利用包含七个工作组的跨学科方法，DiMoPEx将专注于空气污染方面，包括颗粒物（如灰尘和纤维）以及低剂量溶剂和致敏剂的暴露。早期暴露的生物标志物及其相关效应作为疾病衍生信息的指标将在各个项目中进行测试和标准化。一些非传染性疾病（如尘肺病、癌症和过敏）所产生的风险是可预测和可预防的。因此，预防行动可能会降低许多引起公众高度关注的非传染性疾病的发病率和死亡率。DiMoPEx计划促进并推动科学家与政策制定者之间的互动，以应对这些与暴露相关的疾病。
