Trends and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Residents Aged ≥15 Years in Guangzhou, China, 2004-2013.

BACKGROUND

We aimed to describe the trends and associated factors of hypertension among residents aged ≥15 yr in Guangzhou, China.

METHODS

Three standardized cross-sectional health surveys were conducted in 2004, 2009 and 2013 using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and a total of 69128 qualified participants were included in the study. The data were obtained through physical health examination and questionnaire survey.

RESULTS

The age-standardised prevalence of hypertension increased from 12.5% to 16.0% between 2004 and 2009 and declined from 16.0% to 14.0% between 2009 and 2013, and crude prevalence respectively was 14.6%, 19.1% and 18.8% in 2004, 2009 and 2013. The proportion of optimal blood pressure dropped from 51.1% to 33.2%, high-normal blood pressure increased from 20.1% to 28.9%, grade 1 hypertension and grade 2 or 3 hypertension increased from 11.5% to 13.6% and 3.9% to 5.8% between 2004 and 2013. The average age was significantly increased (<0.001) from 42.8 to 47.5 yr, and the average body mass index slightly increased (<0.001) from 22.4 to 23.0. Logistic regression analysis shows that higher age, male, higher body mass index, smoking and drinking alcohol were potential risk factors for hypertension.

CONCLUSION

Both crude and age-standardized prevalence of hypertension were initially increased, but subsequently decreased in Guangzhou during 2004-2013. The optimal blood pressure population decreased significantly while the high-normal blood pressure population increased substantially during the survey period.