Center for Healthy Minds and Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2018 Mar 1;13(3):310-320. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsy011.
Emotional processing often continues beyond the presentation of emotionally evocative stimuli, which can result in affective biasing or coloring of subsequently encountered events. Here, we describe neural correlates of affective coloring and examine how individual differences in affective style impact the magnitude of affective coloring. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging in 117 adults who passively viewed negative, neutral and positive pictures presented 2 s prior to neutral faces. Brain responses to neutral faces were modulated by the valence of preceding pictures, with greater activation for faces following negative (vs positive) pictures in the amygdala, dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortex, ventral visual cortices, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and angular gyrus. Three days after the magnetic resonance imaging scan, participants rated their memory and liking of previously encountered neutral faces. Individuals higher in trait positive affect and emotional reappraisal rated faces as more likable when preceded by emotionally arousing (negative or positive) pictures. In addition, greater amygdala responses to neutral faces preceded by positively valenced pictures were associated with greater memory for these faces 3 days later. Collectively, these results reveal individual differences in how emotions spill over onto the processing of unrelated social stimuli, resulting in persistent and affectively biased evaluations of such stimuli.
情绪处理通常会在呈现情绪唤起刺激之后继续进行，这可能导致随后遇到的事件产生情感偏见或色彩。在这里，我们描述了情感色彩的神经相关物，并研究了情感风格的个体差异如何影响情感色彩的程度。我们在 117 名成年人中进行了功能磁共振成像，他们被动观看了在中性面孔之前呈现 2 秒的负面、中性和正面图片。中性面孔的大脑反应受到先前图片的影响，在杏仁核、背内侧和外侧前额皮质、腹侧视觉皮质、后上颞回和角回中，负性（与正性相比）图片后面的面孔激活程度更大。在磁共振成像扫描后的三天，参与者对之前遇到的中性面孔的记忆和喜欢程度进行了评分。特质积极情绪和情绪再评价较高的个体在情绪唤起（负性或正性）图片之前，会认为面孔更具吸引力。此外，在积极价值的图片之前，杏仁核对中性面孔的反应越大，与这些面孔在 3 天后的记忆越好相关。总的来说，这些结果揭示了个体差异如何将情绪溢出到对无关社会刺激的处理中，从而导致对这些刺激的持久和情感偏见的评估。
