Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2018 Jun;106(6):1697-1707. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.36369. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Scaffolds functionalized with nanodiamond particles (nDP) hold great promise with regard to bone tissue formation in animal models. Degradation of the scaffolds over time may leave nDP within the tissues, raising concerns about possible long-term unwanted effects. Human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells and U937 monoblastoid cells were exposed to five different concentrations (0.002-2 mg/L) of nDP (size range: 2.36-4.42 nm) for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by impedance-based methods. The differential expression of stress and toxicity-related genes was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) super-array, while the expression of selected inflammatory and cell death markers was determined by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the expression of osteogenic genes by SaOS-2 cells, alkaline phosphatase activity and the extracellular calcium nodule deposition in response to nDP were determined in vitro. Cells responded differently to higher nDP concentrations (≥0.02 mg/L), that is, no loss of viability for SaOS-2 cells and significantly reduced viability for U937 cells. Gene expression showed significant upregulation of several cell death and inflammatory markers, among other toxicity reporter genes, indicating inflammatory and cytotoxic responses in U937 cells. Nanodiamond particles improved the osteogenicity of osteoblast-like cells with no evident cytotoxicity. However, concentration-dependent cytotoxic and inflammatory responses were seen in the U937 cells, negatively affecting osteogenicity in co-cultures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1697-1707, 2018.
纳米金刚石颗粒（nDP）功能化的支架在动物模型中具有很大的骨组织形成潜力。随着时间的推移，支架的降解可能会使 nDP 留在组织中，这引发了对可能的长期不良影响的担忧。人类 SaOS-2 成骨样细胞和 U937 单核细胞样细胞分别暴露于 5 种不同浓度（0.002-2 mg/L）的 nDP（粒径范围：2.36-4.42nm）24 小时。通过阻抗法评估细胞活力。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）超阵列评估应激和毒性相关基因的差异表达，通过逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）测定选定的炎症和细胞死亡标志物的表达。此外，还测定了 nDP 对 SaOS-2 细胞的成骨基因表达、碱性磷酸酶活性和细胞外钙结节沉积的影响。细胞对较高浓度的 nDP（≥0.02mg/L）的反应不同，即 SaOS-2 细胞活力没有丧失，而 U937 细胞活力显著降低。基因表达显示几种细胞死亡和炎症标志物以及其他毒性报告基因的显著上调，表明 U937 细胞中的炎症和细胞毒性反应。纳米金刚石颗粒提高了成骨样细胞的成骨能力，没有明显的细胞毒性。然而，在 U937 细胞中观察到浓度依赖性的细胞毒性和炎症反应，这对共培养物中的成骨能力产生了负面影响。©2018 威利期刊公司，生物医学材料研究杂志 A 部分：106A：1697-1707，2018。
