Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Addiction. 2018 Aug;113(8):1439-1449. doi: 10.1111/add.14200. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
To inform research on the etiology and prevention of substance use among rural African American youth by (a) identifying developmental trajectory classes of cannabis use and heavy drinking across adolescence and young adulthood and (b) examining associations between trajectory class membership and multi-level assessments of risk factors.
A prospective study spanning 9 years with assessments of cannabis use and heavy drinking, the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, perceived stress and psychosocial risk factors.
Rural communities in the southeastern United States.
African American youth (n = 518).
Participants were assessed for cannabis use and heavy drinking at seven assessments beginning at 16 years of age and continuing to 25 years of age. At age 19, participants provided overnight urine voids that were assayed for catecholamines, a biological marker of life stress resulting from sympathetic nervous system activation. At ages 16 and 19, participants provided information on malleable psychosocial risk factors.
Latent class growth models revealed three distinct trajectory classes for cannabis use and for heavy drinking. Higher levels of circulating stress hormones and perceived stress were associated with classes reporting greater substance use over time (all Ps < 0.05). A composite of selected risk factors discriminated class membership (all Ps < 0.05). Trajectory classes characterized by rapid usage increases in early adulthood exhibited the greatest increase in deviant peer affiliations between ages 16 and 19 years.
Rural African American youth's cannabis use and heavy drinking across adolescence and young adulthood demonstrate distinct developmental courses; a small number of risk factors and measures of biological and perceived stress differentiate class membership prognostically. Variability over time in these measures, specifically an increase in deviant peer affiliation, may help to account for steep increases in young adulthood.
通过（a）确定青少年和成年早期大麻使用和重度饮酒的发展轨迹类别，以及（b）检查轨迹类别成员与多层次风险因素评估之间的关联，为农村非裔美国青年物质使用的病因和预防研究提供信息。
一项前瞻性研究，跨越 9 年，评估大麻使用和重度饮酒、儿茶酚胺肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素、感知压力和心理社会风险因素。
美国东南部的农村社区。
非裔美国青年（n=518）。
参与者在 16 岁时开始进行七次大麻使用和重度饮酒评估，一直持续到 25 岁。在 19 岁时，参与者提供了过夜的尿液样本，用于分析儿茶酚胺，这是一种由交感神经系统激活引起的生活压力的生物标志物。在 16 岁和 19 岁时，参与者提供了有关可塑心理社会风险因素的信息。
潜在类别增长模型显示大麻使用和重度饮酒有三种不同的轨迹类别。循环应激激素和感知压力水平较高与报告随着时间推移物质使用量增加的类别相关（所有 P 值均<0.05）。一组选定的风险因素可以区分类别成员（所有 P 值均<0.05）。在成年早期快速使用增加的轨迹类别表现出在 16 岁至 19 岁之间与异常同伴关系的最大增加。
农村非裔美国青年在青少年和成年早期的大麻使用和重度饮酒表现出不同的发展轨迹；少数风险因素和生物及感知压力测量可预测类别成员。这些测量值随时间的变化，特别是异常同伴关系的增加，可能有助于解释成年早期的急剧增加。
