INRA/Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA Centre Grand Est-Nancy, Champenoux, France.
INRA/Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA Centre Grand Est-Nancy, Champenoux, France.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2018 Dec;46:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.01.016. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
For years, the study of rust fungal effectors has been impeded by the lack of molecular genetic tools in rust pathosystems. The recent use of heterologous plants to perform effector screens (effectoromics)-including effector localisation (cellular targets) and protein interactors (molecular targets) in plant cells-has changed the game. These screens revealed that many candidate effectors from various rust fungi target specific plant cell compartments, including chloroplasts, and associate with specific plant protein complexes. Such information represents unparalleled opportunities to understand how effectors sustain extreme parasitic interactions and obligate biotrophy. Despite their limitations, we here portray how the use of heterologous expression systems has been essential for gaining new insight into rust effectors.
多年来，锈菌效应物的研究一直受到锈菌病理系统中缺乏分子遗传工具的阻碍。最近，利用异源植物进行效应物筛选（效应组学）——包括效应物定位（细胞靶标）和蛋白质相互作用物（分子靶标）在植物细胞中——改变了这种局面。这些筛选揭示了来自各种锈菌的许多候选效应物靶向特定的植物细胞区室，包括叶绿体，并与特定的植物蛋白复合物相关联。这些信息为了解效应物如何维持极端寄生相互作用和专性生物营养提供了前所未有的机会。尽管存在局限性，但我们在这里描述了异源表达系统的使用如何对于深入了解锈菌效应物至关重要。
