Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, USA.
Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, USA.
Addict Behav. 2018 Jun;81:125-133. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.009. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
The present study examined (both cross-sectionally and prospectively) the mediational role of college alcohol beliefs in the relationship between impulsivity-related traits and alcohol outcomes (i.e., alcohol use and negative consequences) among college student drinkers from the United States (U.S.), Spain, and Argentina.
A sample of 1429 (U.S. = 733, Spain = 292, Argentina = 404) drinkers (at least one drinking episode within the previous month) completed the baseline survey, and 242 drinkers completed the follow-up. To test study aims, a cross-sectional model was first employed to examine whether the proposed double-mediated paths (i.e., each dimension of impulsivity → college alcohol beliefs → alcohol use → negative alcohol-related consequences) extends across samples with different cultural backgrounds (i.e., structural invariance testing). A longitudinal model was then conducted to assess if college alcohol beliefs prospectively mediate the associations between trait impulsivity and alcohol outcomes.
College alcohol beliefs were concurrently and prospectively associated with both greater alcohol use and increased number of negative alcohol-related consequences. These internalized beliefs about college student drinking culture significantly mediated the effects of several distinct impulsivity-related traits on alcohol-related outcomes including urgency (positive and negative), sensation seeking, and perseverance. These findings were invariant across gender and across three countries (Argentina, Spain, and the U.S.).
Our findings highlight the modulatory role of cognitive factors on problematic alcohol use among college students with different cultural backgrounds. Our results suggest that, despite the cultural differences exhibited by these three countries, the unique and mediational effects of college alcohol beliefs appear relatively universal.
本研究分别从横断面和前瞻性角度，考察了冲动特质与大学生饮酒者的酒精使用结果（即饮酒量和负性饮酒后果）之间的关系，在其中起中介作用的大学生酒精信念（college alcohol beliefs）。该研究对象来自美国、西班牙和阿根廷的大学生饮酒者。
共 1429 名（美国：733 名，西班牙：292 名，阿根廷：404 名）饮酒者（过去一个月至少有一次饮酒经历）完成了基线调查，其中 242 名饮酒者完成了随访。为了检验研究目的，首先采用横断面模型检验在具有不同文化背景的样本中（即结构不变性检验），所提出的双重中介路径（即冲动特质的每个维度→大学生酒精信念→酒精使用→负性酒精相关后果）是否成立。然后进行纵向模型，以评估大学生酒精信念是否能前瞻性地中介特质冲动与酒精使用结果之间的关系。
大学生酒精信念与当前和未来的饮酒量增加以及更多的负性酒精相关后果相关。这些关于大学生饮酒文化的内化信念，显著中介了冲动特质的几个不同维度（即正性和负性冲动、感觉寻求、坚持）与酒精相关结果之间的关系。这些发现跨越了性别和三个国家（阿根廷、西班牙和美国）具有不变性。
我们的研究结果强调了认知因素对具有不同文化背景的大学生饮酒问题的调节作用。我们的结果表明，尽管这三个国家表现出了文化差异，但大学生酒精信念的独特中介作用似乎具有普遍性。
