Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2021 Jul;82(4):522-535. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.522.
Normative perceptions have been shown to mediate the effect of personality traits on cannabis outcomes. We examined descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and the role of cannabis in college life as possible mediators of the association between impulsivity-related traits (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, perseverance, and premeditation) and cannabis outcomes (i.e., frequency of cannabis use and negative consequences) among college students from five countries.
A total of 1,175 college students (United States, = 698; Argentina, = 153; Spain, = 178; Uruguay, = 79; and Netherlands, = 67) who were also cannabis users (i.e., reported cannabis use at least once within the previous month) completed an online survey. We used path analysis to test whether the proposed double-mediated paths (impulsivity-like traits→perceived cannabis norms→cannabis use frequency→negative cannabis-related consequences) were invariant across countries/cultures.
Cannabis-related perceptions, particularly college cannabis beliefs and injunctive norms, significantly mediated the association between impulsivity and cannabis outcomes. Two significant double-mediated paths, which were invariant across sex and countries, were found: (a) higher positive urgency→higher endorsement of internalized norms→higher cannabis use frequency→more negative cannabis-related consequences and (b) higher sensation seeking→higher endorsement of injunctive norms→higher cannabis use frequency→more negative cannabis-related consequences.
The study corroborates previous findings on normative perceptions mediating the effects of impulsivity-like traits on cannabis outcomes and suggests that these processes may operate similarly among college student cannabis users in different legal and cultural contexts. The findings highlight the need to address internalized norms and suggest these normative perceptions may be a good intervention candidate to reduce cannabis use/consequences.
已有研究表明，规范认知可以调节人格特质对大麻结果的影响。我们检验了描述性规范、指令性规范，以及大麻在大学生活中的作用，这些可能是冲动相关特质（即负性冲动、正性冲动、感觉寻求、毅力和预谋）与大麻结果（即大麻使用频率和负性后果）之间关联的中介因素，研究对象为来自五个国家的大学生。
共有 1175 名大学生（美国，n=698；阿根廷，n=153；西班牙，n=178；乌拉圭，n=79；荷兰，n=67）完成了一项在线调查，这些学生都有大麻使用史（即报告在过去一个月内至少使用过一次大麻）。我们采用路径分析来检验冲动样特质→感知大麻规范→大麻使用频率→大麻相关负性后果的双重中介路径在不同国家/文化间是否具有不变性。
大麻相关认知，尤其是大学生对大麻的信念和指令性规范，显著中介了冲动与大麻结果之间的关系。发现了两个具有显著双重中介作用的路径，且在性别和国家间具有不变性：（a）更高的正性冲动→更高的内化规范认同→更高的大麻使用频率→更多的大麻相关负性后果；（b）更高的感觉寻求→更高的指令性规范认同→更高的大麻使用频率→更多的大麻相关负性后果。
该研究证实了规范认知在冲动样特质对大麻结果影响中的中介作用，表明这些过程在不同法律和文化背景下的大学生大麻使用者中可能具有相似性。研究结果强调了需要解决内化规范的问题，并表明这些规范认知可能是减少大麻使用/后果的一个良好干预目标。
