Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 Nov;24(11):1139-1148. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.008. Epub 2018 Feb 17.
There has been increased interest in the study of anaerobic bacteria that cause human infection during the past decade. Many new genera and species have been described using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of clinical isolates obtained from different infection sites with commercially available special culture media to support the growth of anaerobes. Several systems, such as anaerobic pouches, boxes, jars and chambers provide suitable anaerobic culture conditions to isolate even strict anaerobic bacteria successfully from clinical specimens. Beside the classical, time-consuming identification methods and automated biochemical tests, the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has revolutionized identification of even unusual and slow-growing anaerobes directly from culture plates, providing the possibility of providing timely information about anaerobic infections.
The aim of this review article is to present methods for routine laboratories, which carry out anaerobic diagnostics on different levels.
Relevant data from the literature mostly published during the last 7 years are encompassed and discussed.
The review involves topics on the anaerobes that are members of the commensal microbiota and their role causing infection, the key requirements for collection and transport of specimens, processing of specimens in the laboratory, incubation techniques, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Advantages, drawbacks and specific benefits of the methods are highlighted.
The present review aims to update and improve anaerobic microbiology in laboratories with optimal conditions as well as encourage its routine implementation in laboratories with restricted resources.
在过去的十年中，人们对引起人类感染的厌氧菌的研究兴趣日益增加。许多新的属和种已经通过对从不同感染部位获得的临床分离物进行 16S rRNA 基因测序，并使用市售的特殊培养基来支持厌氧菌的生长而得到描述。几种系统，如厌氧袋、盒、罐和室，为成功从临床标本中分离甚至严格的厌氧菌提供了合适的厌氧培养条件。除了经典的、耗时的鉴定方法和自动化生化试验外，基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱的使用直接从培养平板上对甚至不寻常和生长缓慢的厌氧菌进行鉴定，提供了及时了解厌氧菌感染的可能性。
本文旨在为不同层面开展厌氧菌诊断的常规实验室介绍方法。
主要涵盖并讨论了过去 7 年发表的文献中的相关数据。
综述涉及共生菌中属于厌氧菌及其引起感染的作用、标本采集和运输的关键要求、实验室标本处理、孵育技术、厌氧菌的鉴定和药敏试验等主题。突出了这些方法的优点、缺点和特定优势。
本综述旨在更新和改进条件优化的实验室中的厌氧菌微生物学，并鼓励在资源有限的实验室中常规实施。
