Hubka Vit, Nováková Alena, Jurjević Željko, Sklenář František, Frisvad Jens C, Houbraken Jos, Arendrup Maiken C, Jørgensen Karin M, Siqueira João P Z, Gené Josepa, Kolařík Miroslav
Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2018 Apr;68(4):995-1011. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002583. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
Aspergillus candidus is a species frequently isolated from stored grain, food, indoor environments, soil and occasionally also from clinical material. Recent bioprospecting studies highlighted the potential of using A. candidus and its relatives in various industrial sectors as a result of their significant production of enzymes and bioactive compounds. A high genetic variability was observed among A. candidus isolates originating from various European countries and the USA, that were mostly isolated from indoor environments, caves and clinical material. The A. candidus sensu lato isolates were characterized by DNA sequencing of four genetic loci, and agreement between molecular species delimitation results, morphological characters and exometabolite spectra were studied. Classical phylogenetic methods (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference) and species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model supported recognition of up to three species in A. candidus sensu lato. After evaluation of phenotypic data, a broader species concept was adopted, and only one new species, Aspergillus dobrogensis, was proposed. This species is represented by 22 strains originating from seven countries (ex-type strain CCF 4651=NRRL 62821=IBT 32697=CBS 143370) and its differentiation from A. candidus is relevant for bioprospecting studies because these species have different exometabolite profiles. Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of section Candidi members to six antifungals using the reference EUCAST method showed that all species have low minimum inhibitory concentrations for all tested antifungals. These results suggest applicability of a wide spectrum of antifungal agents for treatment of infections caused by species from section Candidi.
亮白曲霉是一种经常从储存谷物、食品、室内环境、土壤中分离出来的菌种，偶尔也从临床材料中分离得到。最近的生物勘探研究突出了亮白曲霉及其亲缘种在各个工业领域的应用潜力，因为它们能大量产生酶和生物活性化合物。在源自欧洲各国和美国的亮白曲霉分离株中观察到了高度的遗传变异性，这些分离株大多从室内环境、洞穴和临床材料中分离得到。对广义亮白曲霉分离株进行了四个基因位点的DNA测序，并研究了分子物种界定结果、形态特征和胞外代谢物谱之间的一致性。经典的系统发育方法（最大似然法、贝叶斯推断法）和基于多物种合并模型的物种界定方法支持在广义亮白曲霉中识别出多达三个物种。在对表型数据进行评估后，采用了更宽泛的物种概念，仅提出了一个新物种，即多布罗加曲霉。该物种由来自七个国家的22个菌株代表（模式菌株CCF 4651=NRRL 62821=IBT 32697=CBS 143370），其与亮白曲霉的区分对生物勘探研究具有重要意义，因为这些物种具有不同的胞外代谢物谱。使用参考的欧盟CAST方法评估念珠组成员对六种抗真菌药物的抗真菌敏感性表明，所有物种对所有测试的抗真菌药物的最低抑菌浓度都很低。这些结果表明，多种抗真菌药物可用于治疗由念珠组物种引起的感染。
