Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Feb 19;15(2):363. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020363.
This study was undertaken to investigate the associations between chronic exposure to particulate matter of medium aerodynamic diameter ≤10 or ≤2.5 µm (PM or PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels and lung function and to examine a possible change in these relationships by demographic and lifestyle factors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was defined using the Global Initiative for COPD criteria (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) of <70%). Associations of lung function and COPD with PM or PM or NO₂ were examined using linear and logistic regression analyses among 1264 Korean adults. The highest tertiles of PM (≥37.1 μg/m³) and NO₂ (≥53.8 μg/m³) exposure were significantly associated with COPD (highest versus lowest tertile of PM: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02-3.13; highest versus lowest tertile of NO₂: adjusted OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04-3.21). A 10 μg/m³ increase in PM concentration was associated with a 1.85 L (95% CI -3.65 to -0.05) decrease in FEV1 and a 1.73 L (95% CI -3.35 to -0.12) decrease in FVC, with the strongest negative association among older people and those with less education. Reduced lung function was associated with PM exposure in subjects with no physical activity. This study provides evidence that exposure to ambient air pollution has adverse effects on lung function in adults.
本研究旨在探讨长期暴露于空气动力学直径≤10μm 或≤2.5μm 的颗粒物（PM 或 PM）和二氧化氮（NO₂）水平与肺功能之间的关联，并检查这些关系是否受人口统计学和生活方式因素的影响而发生变化。慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）采用全球倡议 COPD 标准定义（1 秒用力呼气量（FEV1）/用力肺活量（FVC）＜70%）。在 1264 名韩国成年人中，采用线性和逻辑回归分析，研究了肺功能和 COPD 与 PM 或 PM 或 NO₂之间的关系。PM（≥37.1μg/m³）和 NO₂（≥53.8μg/m³）暴露量最高 tertile 与 COPD 显著相关（PM 最高 tertile 与最低 tertile 相比：调整后的比值比（OR）=1.79，95%CI：1.02-3.13；NO₂最高 tertile 与最低 tertile 相比：调整后的 OR = 1.83，95% CI：1.04-3.21）。PM 浓度每增加 10μg/m³，FEV1 降低 1.85L（95%CI -3.65 至 -0.05），FVC 降低 1.73L（95%CI -3.35 至 -0.12），这种负相关在老年人和受教育程度较低的人群中最强。在没有体力活动的受试者中，肺功能降低与 PM 暴露有关。本研究提供了证据，表明环境空气污染对成年人的肺功能有不良影响。
