Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
IBBM (Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular), CCT-CONICET-La Plata, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018 Apr 26;62(5). doi: 10.1128/AAC.00212-18. Print 2018 May.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains appeared as serious emerging nosocomial pathogens in clinical environments and especially in intensive care units (ICUs). strain K50, recovered from a hospitalized patient in Kuwait, exhibited resistance to carbapenems and additionally to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, amikacin, and gentamicin. Genome sequencing revealed that the strain possesses two plasmids, pK50a (79.6 kb) and pK50b (9.5 kb), and a 3.75-Mb chromosome. K50 exhibits an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 99.98% to the previously reported Iraqi clinical isolate AA-014, even though the latter strain lacked plasmid pK50a. Strain K50 belongs to sequence type 158 (ST158) (Pasteur scheme) and ST499 (Oxford scheme). Plasmid pK50a is a member of the Aci6 (replication group 6 [RG6]) group of plasmids and carries a conjugative transfer module and two antibiotic resistance gene regions. The transposon Tn carries the carbapenemase gene , whereas a class 1 integron harbors the resistance genes , , , Δ, and , conferring resistance to all β-lactams and reduced susceptibility to carbapenems and resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, quaternary ammonium compounds, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The class 1 integron is flanked by MITEs (miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements) delimiting the element at its insertion site.
多药耐药（MDR）菌株在临床环境中，尤其是在重症监护病房（ICU）中，已成为严重的新兴医院病原体。从科威特住院患者中分离出的 K50 菌株对碳青霉烯类药物以及环丙沙星、氯霉素、磺胺类药物、阿米卡星和庆大霉素具有耐药性。基因组测序显示，该菌株拥有两个质粒，pK50a（79.6kb）和 pK50b（9.5kb），以及一个 3.75Mb 的染色体。K50 与先前报道的伊拉克临床分离株 AA-014 的平均核苷酸同一性（ANI）为 99.98%，尽管后者菌株缺乏质粒 pK50a。K50 菌株属于 158 型序列类型（ST158）（巴斯德方案）和 ST499（牛津方案）。质粒 pK50a 是 Aci6（复制组 6 [RG6]）组质粒的成员，携带一个可接合转移模块和两个抗生素耐药基因区。转座子 Tn 携带碳青霉烯酶基因 ，而一个 I 类整合子则携带耐药基因 、 、 、Δ 和 ，分别赋予对所有β-内酰胺类药物的耐药性和对碳青霉烯类药物的低敏感性，以及对氨基糖苷类药物、三唑并嘧啶、季铵化合物和磺胺甲恶唑的耐药性。I 类整合子的两端是 MITEs（微型倒置重复转座元件），限定了其插入位点的元件。
