Department of Physiatry, Balneology, Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Aug;37(6):1957-1964. doi: 10.1002/nau.23538. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence and risk of developing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in each type of high-intensity sport, and the associated impact on quality of life in sportswomen.
This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and November 2016. The study included 278 sportswomen. The basic inclusion criteria were being nulliparous and engaging in high-intensity physical activity. The exclusion criteria were childbirth, surgical treatment of gynecological and urological illnesses and urinary tract infection. For evaluation were used: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-UISF), the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q), the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I-QOL).
The highest percentage of SUI was found in athletes (23.8%), followed by volleyball players (19.6%). We found that cumulative metabolic equivalent (MET) did not affect SUI, but the type of sport did. The risk of SUI was highest in volleyball sportswomen (odds ratio[OR] = 2.16,95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.96-4.89, P < 0.05) and athletes (OR = 2.56,95%CI = 0.87-7.51, P = 0.08). As assessed by the I- QOL, SUI in people who participated in fitness and athletics (e.g., basketball, volleyball and handball) had a negative impact on quality of life including behavior, psychosocial impacts and social embarrassment score.
Volleyball players have a 116% chance of getting SUI compared to women who play other types of sports that were analyzed as part of this study. Healthcare professionals should inform the population of sportswomen with risk factors for SUI in order to implement preventive physiotherapy for strengthening pelvic floor muscles.
本研究旨在调查高强度运动中每种类型的压力性尿失禁（SUI）的患病率和发病风险，以及其对女性运动员生活质量的影响。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2016 年 3 月至 11 月进行。研究纳入了 278 名女性运动员。基本纳入标准为未育和进行高强度体育活动。排除标准为分娩、妇科和泌尿科疾病的手术治疗以及尿路感染。评估使用了国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）、国际尿失禁咨询问卷尿失禁简表（ICIQ-UISF）、膀胱过度活动症问卷（OAB-q）和尿失禁生活质量量表（I-QOL）。
SUI 的最高发生率见于运动员（23.8%），其次是排球运动员（19.6%）。我们发现累积代谢当量（MET）不会影响 SUI，但运动类型会。排球运动员（比值比[OR] = 2.16，95%置信区间[CI] = 0.96-4.89，P < 0.05）和运动员（OR = 2.56，95%CI = 0.87-7.51，P = 0.08）发生 SUI 的风险最高。根据 I-QOL，参与健身和田径运动（如篮球、排球和手球）的 SUI 患者的生活质量受到负面影响，包括行为、心理社会影响和社交尴尬评分。
与参与本研究分析的其他类型运动的女性相比，排球运动员发生 SUI 的可能性高 116%。医疗保健专业人员应告知有 SUI 风险因素的女性运动员人群，以便实施预防盆底肌肉强化的物理治疗。
