Kunnavatana S Shanun, Bloom Sarah E, Samaha Andrew L, Slocum Timothy A, Clay Casey J
Utah State University.
University of South Florida.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2018 Apr;51(2):283-302. doi: 10.1002/jaba.443. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) most often includes extinction as a treatment component. However, extinction is not always feasible and it can be counter-therapeutic if implemented without optimal treatment integrity. Researchers have successfully implemented DRA without extinction by manipulating various parameters of reinforcement such that alternative behavior is favored. We extended previous research by assessing three participants' sensitivities to quality, magnitude, and immediacy using arbitrary responses and reinforcers that maintain problem behavior. The results were used to implement an intervention for problem behavior using DRA without extinction. Our findings indicate that arbitrary responses can be used to identify individual and relative sensitivity to parameters of reinforcement for reinforcers that maintain problem behavior. Treatment was effective for all participants when we manipulated parameters of reinforcement to which they were most sensitive, and, for two participants, the treatment was less effective when we manipulated parameters to which they were least sensitive.
替代行为的差别强化（DRA）通常将消退作为一种治疗成分。然而，消退并非总是可行的，如果在没有最佳治疗完整性的情况下实施，它可能会起到反治疗作用。研究人员通过操纵强化的各种参数，使得替代行为受到青睐，从而成功地在不进行消退的情况下实施了DRA。我们通过使用维持问题行为的任意反应和强化物来评估三名参与者对质量、强度和即时性的敏感性，扩展了先前的研究。结果被用于在不进行消退的情况下使用DRA对问题行为实施干预。我们的研究结果表明，任意反应可用于识别个体对维持问题行为的强化物的强化参数的敏感性和相对敏感性。当我们操纵他们最敏感的强化参数时，治疗对所有参与者都有效，而对于两名参与者，当我们操纵他们最不敏感的参数时，治疗效果较差。
