Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2018 Mar;22(3):241-257. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.12.006. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
Clear evidence supports a dimensional view of psychiatric illness. Within this framework the expression of disorder-relevant phenotypes is often interpreted as a breakdown or departure from normal brain function. Conversely, health is reified, conceptualized as possessing a single ideal state. We challenge this concept here, arguing that there is no universally optimal profile of brain functioning. The evolutionary forces that shape our species select for a staggering diversity of human behaviors. To support our position we highlight pervasive population-level variability within large-scale functional networks and discrete circuits. We propose that, instead of examining behaviors in isolation, psychiatric illnesses can be best understood through the study of domains of functioning and associated multivariate patterns of variation across distributed brain systems.
明确的证据支持精神疾病的维度观点。在这个框架内，与疾病相关的表型的表达通常被解释为正常大脑功能的崩溃或偏离。相反，健康被具体化，被概念化为具有单一的理想状态。我们在这里挑战这个概念，认为没有普遍最优的大脑功能模式。塑造我们物种的进化力量选择了惊人多样的人类行为。为了支持我们的观点，我们强调了在大规模功能网络和离散电路中普遍存在的人群水平变异性。我们提出，与其孤立地研究行为，不如通过研究功能领域以及分布式大脑系统中相关的多维变异模式来更好地理解精神疾病。
