Wang Benchi, Theeuwes Jan
Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, and Institute Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2018 May;80(4):860-870. doi: 10.3758/s13414-018-1493-z.
Recently, Wang and Theeuwes (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(1), 13-17, 2018a) demonstrated the role of lingering selection biases in an additional singleton search task in which the distractor singleton appeared much more often in one location than in all other locations. For this location, there was less capture and selection efficiency was reduced. It was argued that statistical learning induces plasticity within the spatial priority map such that particular locations that are high likely to contain a distractor are suppressed relative to all other locations. The current study replicated these findings regarding statistical learning (Experiment 1) and investigated whether similar effects can be obtained by cueing the distractor location in a top-down way on a trial-by-trial basis. The results show that top-down cueing of the distractor location with long (1,500 ms; Experiment 2) and short stimulus-onset symmetries (SOAs) (600 ms; Experiment 3) does not result in suppression: The amount of capture nor the efficiency of selection was affected by the cue. If anything, we found an attentional benefit (instead of the suppression) for the short SOA. We argue that through statistical learning, weights within the attentional priority map are changed such that one location containing a salient distractor is suppressed relative to all other locations. Our cueing experiments show that this effect cannot be accomplished by active, top-down suppression. Consequences for recent theories of distractor suppression are discussed.
最近，王和特维斯（《实验心理学杂志：人类感知与表现》，44(1)，13 - 17，2018a）在一项额外的单一目标搜索任务中证明了持续存在的选择偏差的作用，在该任务中，干扰单一目标在一个位置出现的频率远高于其他所有位置。对于这个位置，捕获较少且选择效率降低。有人认为，统计学习会在空间优先地图内引发可塑性变化，使得相对于所有其他位置，那些很可能包含干扰物的特定位置会受到抑制。当前的研究重复了这些关于统计学习的发现（实验1），并研究了是否可以通过在逐个试次的基础上以自上而下的方式提示干扰物位置来获得类似的效果。结果表明，用长的（1500毫秒；实验2）和短的刺激起始异步时间（SOA）（600毫秒；实验3）对干扰物位置进行自上而下的提示并不会导致抑制：捕获量和选择效率均未受到提示的影响。如果有什么不同的话，我们发现短SOA会带来注意力方面的益处（而非抑制）。我们认为，通过统计学习，注意力优先地图内的权重发生了变化，使得相对于所有其他位置，包含显著干扰物的一个位置会受到抑制。我们的提示实验表明，这种效果无法通过主动的自上而下的抑制来实现。文中还讨论了这些结果对近期干扰物抑制理论的影响。
