Center for Scientific Studies, Valdivia, 5110466, Chile.
School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
Glia. 2018 Jun;66(6):1134-1137. doi: 10.1002/glia.23316. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
Early views of glia as relatively inert, housekeeping cells have evolved, and glia are now recognized as dynamic cells that not only respond to neuronal activity but also sense metabolic changes and regulate neuronal metabolism. This evolution has been aided in part by technical advances permitting progressively better spatial and temporal resolution. Recent advances in cell-type specific genetic manipulation and sub-cellular metabolic probes promise to further this evolution by enabling study of metabolic interactions between intertwined fine neuronal and glial processes in vivo. Views of glia in disease processes have also evolved. Long considered purely reactive, glia and particularly microglia are now seen to play active roles in both promoting and limiting brain injury. At the same time, established concepts of glial energetics are now being linked to areas such as learning and neural network function, topics previously considered far removed from glial biology.
早期将神经胶质细胞视为相对惰性的“管家”细胞的观点已经发生了演变，现在人们认识到神经胶质细胞是具有活力的细胞，它们不仅对神经元活动作出反应，还能感知代谢变化并调节神经元代谢。技术的进步在一定程度上促进了这一演变，使人们能够以更好的时空分辨率来研究相互交织的精细神经元和神经胶质过程之间的代谢相互作用。对神经胶质细胞在疾病过程中的作用的认识也发生了演变。神经胶质细胞，特别是小神经胶质细胞，长期以来被认为仅仅具有反应性，现在被认为在促进和限制脑损伤方面发挥着积极作用。与此同时，神经胶质细胞能量学的既定概念现在与学习和神经网络功能等领域联系起来，而这些领域以前被认为与神经胶质生物学相去甚远。
