Gulati Mittul, Cheng Justin, Loo Jerry T, Skalski Matt, Malhi Harshawn, Duddalwar Vinay
Department of Radiology, USC Keck School of Medicine, United States.
Department of Radiology, USC Keck School of Medicine, United States.
Clin Imaging. 2018 Sep-Oct;51:133-154. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.02.012. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
Ultrasound (US) is the first-line imaging modality for evaluating azotemic patients for urinary obstruction and renal size. US is also valuable for distinguishing congenital variants and simple cystic lesions from renal masses. Doppler US is effective in detection of renal calculi and evaluation of vascular pathology. Unfortunately, renal US is limited in distinguishing causes of medical renal disease. The kidneys have a complex internal architecture with a highly variable appearance on US. This article illustrates non-neoplastic renal conditions, including normal and embryological variants, parenchymal, cystic, and vascular diseases. Renal infections, calcifications, and trauma and fluid collections are also discussed, with an emphasis on distinguishing US features and pathophysiology.
超声（US）是评估氮质血症患者尿路梗阻和肾脏大小的一线成像方式。超声在区分先天性变异和单纯性囊性病变与肾肿块方面也很有价值。多普勒超声在检测肾结石和评估血管病变方面很有效。不幸的是，肾脏超声在区分内科性肾病的病因方面存在局限性。肾脏具有复杂的内部结构，在超声检查中外观变化很大。本文阐述了非肿瘤性肾脏疾病，包括正常和胚胎学变异、实质、囊性和血管疾病。还讨论了肾脏感染、钙化、创伤和液体积聚，重点是区分超声特征和病理生理学。
