Department of Clinical Psychology.
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Br J Dermatol. 2018 Aug;179(2):345-352. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16480. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
Research into problematic tanning (or 'tanning addiction') has markedly increased over the past few years. Although several instruments exist to measure excessive tanning, most of these are psychometrically poor, are not theoretically anchored, and have been used mainly on small samples.
To develop a new tanning addiction scale based on a specific theoretical approach utilizing core addiction criteria.
A scale comprising seven items (salience/craving, tolerance, mood modification, relapse/loss of control, withdrawal, conflict and problems) was administered online to a cross-sectional convenience sample of 23 537 adults (mean ± SD age 35·8 ± 13·3 years). There was also assessment of demographic factors, the five-factor model of personality, and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depression.
A confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor model gave an optimal fit with the data collected [root mean square error of approximation = 0·050, 90% confidence interval (CI) 0·047-0·053; comparative fit index = 0·99; Tucker-Lewis index = 0·99]. High factor loadings (0·78-0·91, all P < 0·001) and coefficient omega indicator of reliability (ω = 0·94, 95% CI 0·94-0·94) were also found using the new scale. In a multiple linear regression analysis, tanning addiction was positively associated with being female, not being in a relationship, extraversion, neuroticism, anxiety and obsessive-compulsiveness. It was also found that educational level, intellect/openness and depression were inversely associated with tanning addiction.
The new scale, the Bergen Tanning Addiction Scale (BTAS), showed good psychometric properties, and is the first scale to conceptualize tanning addiciton fully within a contemporary addiction framework. Given this, the BTAS may potentially assist future clinical practice in providing appropriate patient care, prevention and disease management.
过去几年，人们对问题性晒黑（或“晒黑成瘾”）的研究明显增多。尽管有几种工具可以测量过度晒黑，但其中大多数在心理测量上都较差，没有理论依据，并且主要在小样本上使用。
根据利用核心成瘾标准的特定理论方法，开发一种新的晒黑成瘾量表。
一种由七个项目组成的量表（突显/渴望、耐受性、情绪调节、复发/失控、戒断、冲突和问题），通过在线向 23537 名成年人（平均年龄±标准差为 35.8±13.3 岁）的横截面方便样本进行管理。还评估了人口统计学因素、五因素人格模型以及强迫症、焦虑和抑郁的症状。
验证性因子分析表明，单因素模型与所收集的数据拟合最佳[均方根误差近似值=0.050，90%置信区间（CI）0.047-0.053；比较拟合指数=0.99；塔克-刘易斯指数=0.99]。新量表还发现了较高的因子负荷（0.78-0.91，均 P<0.001）和可靠性的ω指标（ω=0.94，95%CI 0.94-0.94）。在多元线性回归分析中，晒黑成瘾与女性、单身、外向、神经质、焦虑和强迫有关。还发现，教育程度、智力/开放性和抑郁与晒黑成瘾呈负相关。
新量表即卑尔根晒黑成瘾量表（BTAS）具有良好的心理测量特性，是第一个在当代成瘾框架内全面概念化晒黑成瘾的量表。鉴于此，BTAS 可能有助于未来的临床实践，为患者提供适当的护理、预防和疾病管理。
