Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2018 Jun;26(6):898-911. doi: 10.1038/s41431-018-0113-7. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
Tai-Kadai (TK) is one of the major language families in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), with a concentration in the area of Thailand and Laos. Our previous study of 1234 mtDNA genome sequences supported a demic diffusion scenario in the spread of TK languages from southern China to Laos as well as northern and northeastern Thailand. Here we add an additional 560 mtDNA genomes from 22 groups, with a focus on the TK-speaking central Thai people and the Sino-Tibetan speaking Karen. We find extensive diversity, including 62 haplogroups not reported previously from this region. Demic diffusion is still a preferable scenario for central Thais, emphasizing the expansion of TK people through MSEA, although there is also some support for gene flow between central Thai and native Austroasiatic speaking Mon and Khmer. We also tested competing models concerning the genetic relationships of groups from the major MSEA languages, and found support for an ancestral relationship of TK and Austronesian-speaking groups.
台-卡岱语系（TK）是东南亚大陆（MSEA）的主要语言家族之一，主要集中在泰国和老挝地区。我们之前对 1234 个线粒体 DNA 基因组序列的研究支持了 TK 语言从中国南部传播到老挝以及泰国北部和东北部的扩散情景。在这里，我们增加了来自 22 个群体的另外 560 个 mtDNA 基因组，重点是讲台-卡岱语系的泰国中部人和讲汉藏语系的克伦族。我们发现了广泛的多样性，包括以前在该地区没有报道过的 62 个单倍群。尽管也有一些支持泰国中部人和本地澳斯特罗亚西亚语族的孟族和高棉族之间存在基因流的证据，但对于泰国中部人来说，人口扩散仍然是一个更可取的情景，强调了 TK 人在 MSEA 中的扩张，尽管也有一些支持泰国中部人和本地澳斯特罗亚西亚语族的孟族和高棉族之间存在基因流的证据。我们还测试了关于 MSEA 主要语言群体遗传关系的竞争模型，发现了 TK 和南岛语系群体的祖先关系的支持。
