Forensic Genetics Research Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 21;13(1):20396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47762-w.
The evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial DNA within the Thai population were comprehensively explored with a specific focus on the influence of South Asian admixture. A total of 166 samples were collected through randomized sampling, ensuring a diverse representation. Our findings unveil substantial genetic and haplogroup diversity within the Thai population. We have identified 164 haplotypes categorized into 97 haplogroups, with a notable inclusion of 20 novel haplogroups. The distribution of haplogroups exhibited variations across different populations and countries. The central Thai population displayed a high diversity of haplogroups from both the M and N clades. Maternal lineage affinities were discerned between several Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and South Asian populations, implying ancestral genetic connections and a substantial influence of South Asian women in establishing these relationships. f-statistics indicates the presence of a Tibeto-Burman genetic component within the Mon population from Thailand. New findings demonstrate two phases of population expansion occurring 22,000-26,000 and 2500-3800 years ago, coinciding with the Last Glacial Maximum, and Neolithic demographic transition, respectively. This research significantly enhances our understanding of the maternal genetic history of Thailand and MSEA, emphasizing the influence of South Asian admixture. Moreover, it underscores the critical role of prior information, such as mutation rates, within the Bayesian framework for accurate estimation of coalescence times and inferring demographic history.
本研究通过随机抽样采集了 166 个泰国人群样本，对泰国人群的线粒体 DNA 进化动态进行了全面研究，特别关注了南亚混合的影响。研究结果揭示了泰国人群具有丰富的遗传和单倍型多样性。共鉴定出 164 种单倍型，分为 97 个单倍型群，其中包括 20 个新的单倍型群。单倍型群的分布在不同人群和国家之间存在差异。泰国中部人群的 M 和 N 分支的单倍型群多样性较高。一些东南亚大陆（MSEA）和南亚人群的母系谱系具有亲缘关系，这表明存在祖先遗传联系，南亚女性在建立这些关系方面发挥了重要作用。f-统计数据表明，泰国蒙族人群中存在藏缅语系遗传成分。新的研究结果表明，22000-26000 年前和 2500-3800 年前发生了两次人口扩张，分别与末次冰期最大值和新石器时代人口转型相对应。这项研究显著提高了我们对泰国和 MSEA 母系遗传历史的认识，强调了南亚混合的影响。此外，它还强调了在贝叶斯框架中使用先验信息（如突变率）的重要性，这对于准确估计融合时间和推断人口历史具有关键作用。
