Skrzynska Arleta K, Maiorano Elisabetta, Bastaroli Marco, Naderi Fatemeh, Míguez Jesús M, Martínez-Rodríguez Gonzalo, Mancera Juan M, Martos-Sitcha Juan A
Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Laboratorio de Fisiología animal, Departamento de Biología Funcional y CC. de la Salud, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
Front Physiol. 2018 Feb 13;9:96. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00096. eCollection 2018.
The hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) and hypothalamus-sympathetic-chromaffin cell (HSC) axes are involved in the regulation of the stress response in teleost. In this regard, the activation of a complex network of endocrine players is needed, including corticotrophin-releasing hormone (Crh), Crh binding protein (Crhbp), proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh), arginine vasotocin (Avt), and isotocin (It) to finally produce pleiotropic functions. We aimed to investigate, using the gilthead sea bream () as a biological model, the transcriptomic response of different endocrine factors (s, ), neuropeptides ( and ), and their specific receptors (, and ) in four important target tissues (hypothalamus, pituitary, kidney and liver), after an acute stress situation. We also investigated several stress hormones (catecholamines and cortisol). The stress condition was induced by air exposure for 3 min, and hormonal, metabolic and transcriptomic parameters were analyzed in a time course response (15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 4, and 8 h post-stress) in a total of 64 fish ( = 8 fish per experimental group; = 0.05; statistical power = 95%). Our results showed that plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline and cortisol values increased few minutes after stress exposure. At hypothalamic and hypophyseal levels, acute stress affected mRNA expression of all measured precursors and hormonal factors, as well as their receptors (s and ), showing the activation, at central level, of HPI, HSC, and Avt/It axes in the acute stress response. In addition, stress response also affected mRNA levels of s and in the head kidney, as well as the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein () and tyrosine hydroxylase () expression, suggesting their participation in the HPI and HSC axes activation. Moreover, the pattern of changes in hepatic s and gene expression also highlights an important role of vasotocinergic and isotocinergic pathways in liver metabolic organization after acute stress events. Our results demonstrate, both at transcriptional and circulating levels of several hormones, the existence of a complex activation of different endocrine pathways in related to the stress pathways, where vasotocinergic and isotocinergic systems can also be considered key players of the acute stress response orchestration.
下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾间组织（HPI）轴和下丘脑 - 交感 - 嗜铬细胞（HSC）轴参与硬骨鱼应激反应的调节。在这方面，需要激活一个复杂的内分泌调节网络，包括促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（Crh）、Crh结合蛋白（Crhbp）、阿黑皮素原（Pomc）、促甲状腺激素释放激素（Trh）、精氨酸加压催产素（Avt）和异催产素（It），最终产生多种功能。我们旨在以金头鲷（）作为生物学模型，研究在急性应激状态下，四种重要靶组织（下丘脑、垂体、肾脏和肝脏）中不同内分泌因子（、）、神经肽（和）及其特异性受体（、和）的转录组反应。我们还研究了几种应激激素（儿茶酚胺和皮质醇）。通过暴露于空气中3分钟诱导应激状态，并在总共64条鱼（每个实验组 = 8条鱼； = 0.05；统计功效 = 95%）中，以时间进程反应（应激后15分钟和30分钟，以及1、2、4和8小时）分析激素、代谢和转录组参数。我们的结果表明，应激暴露后几分钟，血浆去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和皮质醇值升高。在下丘脑和垂体水平，急性应激影响所有测量的前体和激素因子以及它们的受体（和）的mRNA表达，显示在中枢水平上，HPI、HSC和Avt/It轴在急性应激反应中被激活。此外，应激反应还影响头肾中、的mRNA水平，以及类固醇生成急性调节蛋白（）和酪氨酸羟化酶（）的表达，表明它们参与HPI和HSC轴的激活。此外，肝脏中、基因表达的变化模式也突出了加压催产素能和异催产素能途径在急性应激事件后肝脏代谢组织中的重要作用。我们的结果在几种激素的转录和循环水平上均表明，在与应激途径相关的中，存在不同内分泌途径的复杂激活，其中加压催产素能和异催产素能系统也可被视为急性应激反应协调的关键参与者。
