Twidle A M, Barker D, Seal A G, Fedrizzi B, Suckling D M
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Canterbury Research Centre, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand.
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, 92019, New Zealand.
J Chem Ecol. 2018 Apr;44(4):406-415. doi: 10.1007/s10886-018-0936-2. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
Volatiles emitted from unpollinated in situ flowers were collected from two male cultivars, 'M33', 'M91', and one female cultivar 'Zesy002' (Gold3) of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis). The samples were found to contain 48 compounds across the three cultivars with terpenes and straight chain alkenes dominating the headspace. Electrophysiological responses of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) to the headspace of the kiwifruit flowers were recorded. Honey bees consistently responded to 11 floral volatiles from Gold3 pistillate flowers while bumble bees consistently responded to only five compounds from the pistillate flowers. Nonanal, 2-phenylethanol, 4-oxoisophorone and (3E,6E)-α-farnesene from pistillate flowers elicited responses from both bee species. Overall, honey bees were more sensitive to the straight chain hydrocarbons of the kiwifruit flowers than the bumble bees, which represented one of the main differences between the responses of the two bee species. The floral volatiles from staminate flowers of the male cultivars 'M33' and 'M91' varied greatly from those of the pistillate flowers of the female cultivar Gold3, with most of the bee active compounds significantly different from those in the Gold3 flower headspace. The total floral emissions of 'M33' flowers were significantly less than those of the Gold3 flowers, while the total floral emissions of the 'M91' flowers were significantly greater than those of the Gold3 flowers.
从中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis）的两个雄性品种‘M33’‘M91’和一个雌性品种‘Zesy002’（Gold3）未授粉的原位花朵中收集挥发物。发现这三个品种的样品共含有48种化合物，其中萜类和直链烯烃在顶空中占主导地位。记录了蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）和熊蜂（Bombus terrestris）对猕猴桃花朵顶空的电生理反应。蜜蜂始终对Gold3雌花的11种花香挥发物有反应，而熊蜂只对雌花的5种化合物有持续反应。雌花中的壬醛、2-苯乙醇、4-氧代异佛尔酮和（3E，6E）-α-法尼烯引起了两种蜜蜂的反应。总体而言，蜜蜂对猕猴桃花朵的直链碳氢化合物比熊蜂更敏感，这是两种蜜蜂反应的主要差异之一。雄性品种‘M33’和‘M91’雄花的花香挥发物与雌性品种Gold3雌花的挥发物有很大差异，大多数对蜜蜂有活性的化合物与Gold3花朵顶空中的化合物显著不同。‘M33’花朵的总花香排放量明显低于Gold3花朵，而‘M91’花朵的总花香排放量明显高于Gold3花朵。
