Rocha Naruna Pereira, Filgueiras Mariana De Santis, Albuquerque Fernanda Martins de, Milagres Luana Cupertino, Castro Ana Paula Pereira, Silva Mariane Alves, Costa Glauce Dias da, Priore Silvia Eloiza, Novaes Juliana Farias de
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52:16. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052007090. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
OBJECTIVE To analyze the implementation of the Brazilian National School Feeding Program as a food and nutritional security policy in public schools. METHODS This a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, carried out with 268 schoolchildren aged eight to nine years from the public school system of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2015. Interviews were carried out using semi-structured questionnaires with the children, parents, cooks, nutritionists, trainer of the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company, and president of the School Feeding Council. In order to analyze the implementation of the National School Feeding Program in Viçosa, we evaluated the direct weighing of the food served in the schools using mechanical balances with a capacity of up to 10 kg and the perception of the social players involved in the implementation of the National School Feeding Program. The children were questioned about the acceptance of and adherence to the food offered, in addition to the habit of bringing food from home. Parents reported knowledge about the School Feeding Program and Council. The qualitative analysis consisted of content analysis and quantitative analysis using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. We adopted the statistical significance of 5% for quantitative analysis. RESULTS Children reported low adherence to the school feeding program and most of them used to bring food from home. Irregularities were identified in the implementation of the National School Feeding Program, such as: inadequate number of nutritionists, suspension of Council meetings, inadequate infrastructure in the areas of preparation and distribution of meals, lack of training of cooks, lack of nutritional adequacy of the food offered, and lack of actions on food and nutritional education. The Program complied with the recommendations for purchasing food from family farms. CONCLUSIONS The National School Feeding Program presented many irregularities in Viçosa. It is important to monitor the problems identified for better reformulation and planning of the Program, in order to guarantee the food and nutritional security of the children served.
目的 分析巴西全国学校供餐计划作为一项公共学校食品和营养安全政策的实施情况。方法 这是一项横断面研究，采用定量和定性方法，于2015年对巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州维索萨公立学校系统中268名8至9岁的学童进行。使用半结构化问卷对儿童、家长、厨师、营养师、技术援助与农村推广公司培训师以及学校供餐委员会主席进行访谈。为分析维索萨全国学校供餐计划的实施情况，我们使用最大容量为10千克的机械天平对学校提供的食物进行直接称重，并评估参与全国学校供餐计划实施的社会行为者的认知。除了询问儿童从家里带食物的习惯外，还询问他们对所提供食物的接受度和依从性。家长报告了对学校供餐计划和委员会的了解情况。定性分析包括内容分析，定量分析使用卡方检验、费舍尔精确检验和曼-惠特尼检验。定量分析采用5%的统计学显著性水平。结果 儿童报告对学校供餐计划的依从性较低，大多数儿童习惯从家里带食物。全国学校供餐计划实施过程中存在违规行为，如：营养师数量不足、委员会会议暂停、膳食准备和分发区域基础设施不足、厨师缺乏培训、所提供食物缺乏营养充足性以及缺乏食品和营养教育行动。该计划符合从家庭农场采购食品的建议。结论 全国学校供餐计划在维索萨存在诸多违规行为。监测所发现的问题对于更好地重新制定和规划该计划很重要，以保障所服务儿童的食品和营养安全。
