a Department of Nutrition in Public Health , University of State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
b Observatory of Food and Nutrition Security Policies, Department of Nutrition , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.
Glob Public Health. 2019 Jun-Jul;14(6-7):875-883. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2018.1439516. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
The historical struggles that Brazil faced to overcome malnutrition coincided with the empowerment of civil society and social movements which played a crucial role in the affirmation of health and food as social rights. After two decades under military dictatorship, Brazil went through a redemocratization process in the 1980s when activism emerged to demand spaces to participate in policy-making regarding the social agenda, including food and nutrition security (FNS). From 1988 onward institutional structures were established: the National Council of FNS (CONSEA) convenes government and civil society sectors to develop and monitor the implementation of policies, systems and actions. Social participation has been at the heart of structural changes achieved since then. Nevertheless, the country faces multiple challenges regarding FNS such as the double burden of disease, increasing use of pesticides and genetically modified seeds, weak regulation of ultra-processed products, and marketing practices that affect the environment, population health, and food sovereignty. This article aims at examining the development of the participatory political system and the role played by Brazilian social movements in the country's policies on FNS, in addition to outlining challenges faced by those policies.
巴西克服营养不良问题所经历的历史斗争，与民间社会和社会运动的赋权同时发生，这些运动在确认健康和食物作为社会权利方面发挥了关键作用。在经历了二十年的军事独裁之后，巴西在 20 世纪 80 年代经历了民主化进程，当时的激进主义运动涌现出来，要求参与制定社会议程（包括粮食和营养安全）的政策。从 1988 年开始，建立了机构结构：国家粮食和营养安全委员会（CONSEA）召集政府和民间社会部门，制定和监测政策、制度和行动的实施。社会参与一直是自那时以来实现结构性变革的核心。然而，巴西在粮食和营养安全方面仍面临着诸多挑战，如双重疾病负担、农药和转基因种子使用的增加、超加工产品监管薄弱以及影响环境、人口健康和粮食主权的营销做法。本文旨在研究参与式政治制度的发展以及巴西社会运动在巴西粮食和营养安全政策中的作用，并概述这些政策所面临的挑战。
