Department of Psychology, North Carolina A&T State University.
Department of Psychology, Elon University.
Psychol Aging. 2018 Feb;33(1):182-194. doi: 10.1037/pag0000195.
In this article, we apply the REM model (Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) to age differences in associative memory. Using Criss and Shiffrin's (2005) associative version of REM, we show that in a task with pairs repeated across 2 study lists, older adults' reduced benefit of pair repetition can be produced by a general reduction in the diagnosticity of information stored in memory. This reduction can be modeled similarly well by reducing the overall distinctiveness of memory features, or by reducing the accuracy of memory encoding. We report a new experiment in which pairs are repeated across 3 study lists and extend the model accordingly. Finally, we extend the model to previously reported data using the same task paradigm, in which the use of a high-association strategy introduced proactive interference effects in young adults but not older adults. Reducing the diagnosticity of information in memory also reduces the proactive interference effect. Taken together, the modeling and empirical results reported here are consistent with the claim that some age differences that appear to be specific to associative information can be produced via general degradation of information stored in memory. The REM model provides a useful framework for examining age differences in memory as well as harmonizing seemingly conflicting prior modeling approaches for the associative deficit. (PsycINFO Database Record
在本文中，我们将 REM 模型（Shiffrin 和 Steyvers，1997）应用于联想记忆中的年龄差异。使用 Criss 和 Shiffrin（2005）的联想 REM 版本，我们表明，在一项具有重复对的任务中，老年人对重复对的受益减少可以通过存储在记忆中的信息的诊断性普遍降低来产生。通过降低记忆特征的整体独特性，或者通过降低记忆编码的准确性，可以同样好地对这种降低进行建模。我们报告了一项新的实验，其中对在 3 个学习列表中重复的对进行了扩展，相应地扩展了模型。最后，我们使用相同的任务范式将模型扩展到之前报告的数据，其中在年轻人中使用高联想策略会引入前摄干扰效应，但在老年人中则不会。降低信息在记忆中的诊断性也会降低前摄干扰效应。总之，这里报告的建模和实证结果与以下主张一致，即一些似乎专门针对联想信息的年龄差异可以通过存储在记忆中的信息的普遍退化来产生。REM 模型为研究记忆中的年龄差异以及协调看似相互矛盾的先前联想缺陷建模方法提供了一个有用的框架。（心理学文献摘要
