Kramvis Ioannis, Mansvelder Huibert D, Meredith Rhiannon M
Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;150:319-333. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63639-3.00022-0.
Recordings from fresh human brain slices derived from surgically resected brain tissue are being used to unravel mechanisms underlying human neurophysiology and for the evaluation of potential therapeutic targets and compounds. Data resulting from these studies provide unique insights into physiologic properties of human neuronal microcircuits. However, substantial limitations still remain with this approach. First, the tissue is always resected from patients, never from healthy controls. Second, the patient population undergoing brain surgery with tissue resection is limited to epilepsy and tumor patients - never from patients with other neurologic disorders. Third, the vast majority of tissue resected is limited largely to temporal cortex and hippocampus, occasionally amygdala. Therefore, the possibility to study brain tissue: (1) from healthy controls; (2) from patients with different neuropathologies; (3) from different brain areas; and (4) from a wide spectrum of ages only exists through autopsy-derived brain tissue. Here we describe methods and results from physiologic recordings of adult human neurons and microcircuits in both surgically derived brain tissue as well as in tissue derived from autopsies. We define postmortem time windows during which physiologic recordings could match data obtained from surgical tissue.
从手术切除的脑组织中获取的新鲜人脑切片记录，正被用于揭示人类神经生理学的潜在机制，以及评估潜在的治疗靶点和化合物。这些研究产生的数据为人类神经元微回路的生理特性提供了独特的见解。然而，这种方法仍然存在很大的局限性。首先，组织总是从患者身上切除，从未从健康对照中获取。其次，接受脑组织切除手术的患者群体仅限于癫痫和肿瘤患者，从未包括患有其他神经系统疾病的患者。第三，切除的绝大多数组织主要局限于颞叶皮质和海马体，偶尔包括杏仁核。因此，只有通过尸检获得的脑组织，才有可能研究：（1）来自健康对照的脑组织；（2）来自患有不同神经病理学疾病的患者的脑组织；（3）来自不同脑区的脑组织；以及（4）来自广泛年龄段的脑组织。在这里，我们描述了在手术获取的脑组织以及尸检获得的脑组织中对成人人类神经元和微回路进行生理记录的方法和结果。我们定义了死后时间窗，在此期间生理记录可以与从手术组织中获得的数据相匹配。
