消毒副产物的生殖毒理学
Reproductive toxicology of disinfection by-products.
作者信息
Smith M K, Zenick H, George E L
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Nov;69:177-82. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8669177.
Abstract
The chronic exposure of large segments of the population to disinfected drinking water has necessitated an evaluation of the health effects of the by-products of the chlorination process. This paper reviews the available information concerning the reproductive consequences associated with exposure to disinfection by-products. Four groups of compounds are discussed: the trihalomethanes, in particular chloroform; the chlorinated phenols; chlorinated humic substances; and the haloacetonitriles. In the pregnant female, chloroform and the 2- and 2,4-chlorophenols produced low levels of embryo- and fetotoxicity. Chloroform induced terata when administered by inhalation. The chlorinated humic substances and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were without significant reproductive effects. The haloacetonitriles showed in utero toxicity, becoming more severe with increasing halogen substitution.
摘要
大部分人口长期接触经过消毒的饮用水，因此有必要评估氯化过程副产物对健康的影响。本文综述了与接触消毒副产物相关的生殖后果的现有信息。讨论了四类化合物：三卤甲烷，特别是氯仿；氯代酚；氯化腐殖质；以及卤代乙腈。在怀孕雌性动物中，氯仿以及2-氯酚和2,4-二氯酚产生了低水平的胚胎毒性和胎儿毒性。通过吸入给予氯仿会诱发畸形。氯化腐殖质和2,4,6-三氯酚没有显著的生殖影响。卤代乙腈表现出子宫内毒性，随着卤素取代程度的增加而变得更加严重。
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