Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, UK.
Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, UK.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 May;89:58-70. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.026. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
The tremendous diversity in microbial species that colonise the mucosal surfaces of the human body is only now beginning to be fully appreciated. Distinguishing between the behaviour of commensal microbes and harmful pathogens that reside at mucosal sites in the body is a complex, and exquisitely fine-tuned process central to mucosal health. The fungal pathobiont Candida albicans is frequently isolated from mucosal surfaces with an asymptomatic carriage rate of approximately 60% in the human population. While normally a benign member of the microbiota, overgrowth of C. albicans often results in localised mucosal infection causing morbidity in otherwise healthy individuals, and invasive infection that often causes death in the absence of effective immune defence. C. albicans triggers numerous innate immune responses at mucosal surfaces, and detection of C. albicans hyphae in particular, stimulates the production of antimicrobial peptides, danger-associated molecular patterns and cytokines that function to reduce fungal burdens during infection. This review will summarise our current understanding of innate immune responses to C. albicans at mucosal surfaces.
人体黏膜表面定植的微生物种类极其多样，目前人们才刚刚开始全面认识这一点。区分定植于人体黏膜部位的共生微生物和有害病原体的行为是一个复杂的过程，需要高度精细的调节，这是黏膜健康的核心。真菌条件致病菌白色念珠菌通常从黏膜表面分离出来，在人类人群中无症状携带率约为 60%。虽然白色念珠菌通常是微生物群的良性成员，但过度生长常常导致局部黏膜感染，使原本健康的个体发病，并导致侵袭性感染，如果没有有效的免疫防御，往往会导致死亡。白色念珠菌在黏膜表面引发多种先天免疫反应，特别是检测到白色念珠菌菌丝，会刺激抗菌肽、危险相关分子模式和细胞因子的产生，这些物质在感染过程中发挥作用，以降低真菌负荷。本文将总结我们目前对黏膜表面白色念珠菌先天免疫反应的认识。
