Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195-6560, USA.
Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
Prev Sci. 2019 Feb;20(2):235-245. doi: 10.1007/s11121-018-0882-9.
Permissive attitudes and norms about marijuana use and perceptions of low harm from use are considered risk factors for adolescent marijuana use. However, the relationship between risk and use may be reciprocal and vary across development and socializing domains. We examined the bidirectional relationships between marijuana-specific risk factors in individual, parent, peer, and community domains and adolescent marijuana use. Longitudinal data came from a sample of 2002 adolescents in 12 communities. Controlling for sociodemographic covariates and communities in which the individuals resided, autoregressive cross-lagged models examined predictive associations between the risk factors and marijuana use. After accounting for concurrent relationships between risk and use and stability in behavior over time, early adolescence and the transition to high school were particularly salient developmental time points. Specifically, higher risk in all four domains in grades 7 and 9 predicted greater use 1 year later. Moreover, youth's perception of lax community enforcement of laws regarding adolescent use at all time points predicted increases in marijuana use at the subsequent assessment, and perceived low harm from use was a risk factor that prospectively predicted more marijuana use at most of the time points. Finally, greater frequency of marijuana use predicted higher levels of risk factors at the next time point in most socializing domains throughout adolescence. Prevention programs should take into account developmental transitions, especially in early adolescence and during the transition to high school. They also should focus on the reciprocal relationships between use and risk across multiple socializing domains.
对大麻使用的宽容态度和规范，以及对使用大麻低危害的认知，被认为是青少年大麻使用的风险因素。然而，风险和使用之间的关系可能是相互的，并因发展和社会化领域而异。我们研究了个体、父母、同伴和社区领域中特定于大麻的风险因素与青少年大麻使用之间的双向关系。纵向数据来自 12 个社区的 2002 名青少年样本。在控制了社会人口学协变量和个体所在的社区后，自回归交叉滞后模型检验了风险因素与大麻使用之间的预测关联。在考虑了风险和使用之间的同期关系以及行为随时间的稳定性后，青少年早期和高中过渡时期是特别重要的发展时间点。具体而言，7 年级和 9 年级所有四个领域的风险增加预测 1 年后使用量增加。此外，青少年在所有时间点对社区执法宽松的感知，预测了随后评估中大麻使用的增加，而使用大麻低危害是一个风险因素，预测了在大多数时间点上更多的大麻使用。最后，在青少年时期的大多数社会化领域，大麻使用频率的增加预测了下一个时间点上更高水平的风险因素。预防计划应考虑到发展过渡，尤其是在青少年早期和高中过渡时期。他们还应关注使用和风险在多个社会化领域之间的相互关系。
